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Disparate Impact is a legal doctrine under the Fair Housing Act which means that a policy or practice may be considered discriminatory if it has a disproportionate "adverse impact" against any group based on race, national origin, color, religion, sex, familial status, or disability.

On January 21st, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in a case challenging whether disparate impact will remain a safeguard against discrimination in housing regardless of intent.

Federal appellate courts have consistently ruled in favor of applying the disparate impact standard, but despite this consensus, there are concerns that SCOTUS will strike down the standard. The case in question, Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, Inc., is a battleground for protecting the Fair Housing Act, a hard-won legacy of Martin Luther King, Jr and other civil rights pioneers.