The time is coming when middle-class Americans will not be able to afford to drive a six thousand pound Hummer to the supermarket to buy a gallon of milk. Experts are divided as to whether the oil era is even now coming to a close or whether we have more time--perhaps as long as thirty years or more--but petroleum will get ever more expensive and difficult to acquire.
Those who believe in the future of the internal combustion engine point to the many alternative fuels that will save us: non-conventional oil, liquified coal, and biodiesel. Coal is abundant in this country and will be increasingly important as it remains relatively inexpensive, but the infrastructure required to liquify millions of barrels worth of oil is massive and will be politically difficult. In spite of its poor energy return on energy invested, biodiesel shows promise in some areas, but to replace even a small fraction of the 21 million barrels of oil the United States consumes every day would be next to impossible. Similarly, there are large non-conventional sources of oil in the form of oil shales and sands, but they are not as scalable as conventional sources.
All of the above will be tremendously important in easing the pain of the transition, but they will not be able to keep up with a combination of depletion of traditional oil sources and the world's ever-increasing demand for energy.
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