She is an enduring part of Ronald Reagan's legacy, the first woman justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. But for years, Sandra Day O'Connor has confounded many of the conservatives for whom the late president is an icon. On a divided, nine-member court, O'Connor is a conservative with an asterisk: a pragmatic jurist who, when she sees fit, will vote with the four liberal justices. Particularly galling to some conservative Republicans has been O'Connor's retreat from initial stands against abortion rights and some affirmative action policies. Lately, the 23-year veteran of the high court has been giving such critics more reasons to gripe. Although O'Connor usually votes with the court's conservative wing, she increasingly has sided with the liberals in significant cases that have been decided by 5-4 votes. It's led some conservative observers of the court to wonder whether O'Connor, at 74, is turning more to the left.
In May, she broke with her conservative brethren to cast a decisive vote to let disabled people sue states for access to courthouses. Earlier this term, she joined the court's liberals - John Paul Stevens, David Souter, Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer - to preserve key parts of the McCain-Feingold campaign-finance limits, which ban unlimited donations from corporations and unions to national political parties. She also joined the liberals in 5-4 rulings that enhanced the U.S. government's power to enforce the Clean Air Act on states, and that allowed taxpayers to sue states to challenge tax credits that benefit religious schools. That all followed a landmark ruling last summer, when O'Connor's opinion upheld the use of affirmative action in college admissions.
Many legal analysts see such votes by O'Connor as signs of her tendency to view each case along narrow legal lines. But some conservatives say she seems to be enticed more by the left, and that unlike Souter - an appointee of the first President Bush who has become a consistent vote for the liberal wing - they never know when O'Connor will be with them or against them. With several major rulings due in the next week as the high court wraps up this term - including key tests of the Bush administration's legal strategies in dealing with suspected terrorists - O'Connor is being viewed warily by some supporters of the administration.
"Reagan would be disappointed in her recent rulings," says Charles Cooper, a Washington lawyer who was an assistant U.S. attorney general under Reagan. "It is difficult to reconcile some of her recent cases and things she said in the past."
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