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<this is from memory after a late night in the office, so forgive me if I have a fact here or there not exactly right>
A lot happened from 1981 through 1988. Reagan rode in to town, high in the saddle, a new morning in America -- and set about gutting the progressive federal income tax schedules that heavily favored the top 1% (getting the top rate down from Carter's 50% to 28% in 1986). At the same time he embarked on a hugh military build-up. The result: Record deficits (broken first by GHWB and again by GWB). From 1981 to 1988, we went from the world's largest creditor nation to the worlds largest debtor.
To fund our record deficits without deflating the dollar, the Fed was forced to sell Treasuries at premium interest rates in order to attract an inflow of capital from around the world. The interest rates had to be especially high, too, as Paul Volker, then Fed Chairman, was battling inflation by raising interest rates in order to induce a recession -- these rates had to be higher still to offset the stimulative effect of the Reagan deficits. The bottom line is, though Carter holds the record for highest nominal rates, Reagan holds the record by far for highest real rates (nominal rate minus inflation). And this had wrenching effect on the productive capacity of the United States.
First, you can only buy U.S. Treasuries with US dollars (USD); if you're a foreign investor or foreign bank, you have to sell your Francs, deutsche marcs, yen, pound stirling for US dollars. And by simple supply and demand, the value of the dollar rose dramatically against the rest of the worlds currencies (I recall the Yen hitting 265+ to the dollar). As a result, our products looked very expensive to the rest of the world while their products looked cheap to us.
This imbalance gutted our manufacturing base, the foundation of the blue collar middle class. Whole industries were lost (shoes, television manufacture); others lost substantial market share (automobiles). The midwest became the "rustbelt" and Detroit tumbled into pockets of dangerous poverty -- the misery index hit all time highs. Real people in great numbers lost their homes or lived in wrenching fear of losing their homes, their livelihoods, their way of life.
Now the upper class enjoyed their tax cuts which enabled them to snap up more than their fair share of those low-risk, high-yield treasuries. But they fretted the loss of market share at home and the slack market for American goods overseas, so they turned up the heat on the Reagan administration: They wanted a kind of balance restored.
In came James T Baker III, fixer extraordinaire (more recent of Florida 2000 fame). In 1986, Baker arranges the Plaza Accord in NYC where the (then) G8 nations meet and agree to trade the world's currencies within narrow ranges. The Yen, for example, would trade between 120 to 140 per dollar. But for a time they unleashed the brooms of Fantasia and all was out of control. The dollar crashed to 88 yen to the dollar and now we faced an imbalance opposite to what went before. Now the dollar was weak compared to the world's currencies, and American products -- and it's hard assets -- appeared extraordinarily cheap to the rest of the world. So, if you're a foriegn investor or central banker, what do you do with all those dollars gaining dust in the vaults of their central banks? Why, go on bargain-basement spending spree, of course! Buy! Buy! Buy! And we see another tectonic shift in the US economic position. In 1980 the US owned 3.4 times more of the rest of the world than they owned of us; by 1988 the rest of the world owned 0.8 times more of us than we of them.
And those deficits... We moved from near break even to a national debt of around $4.6 trillion. A figure never seen before during peacetime. And oddly enough, this figure corresponds to the gain in net worth had by the top 1% of the population (while all the rest of us stayed near flat or declined).
Basically Reagan's morning in america amounted to a huge party thrown for the very rich. We, too, were thrilled; we got to participate -- as the maids and butlers and valets. But it was a wild party, we had to say that, as we stayed glued to our TV sets to watch episodes of Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, Dallas, or turned open the pages of People magazine (all born in the eighties). But the next morning, we who watched the baccanalia stepped over the near comatose bodies draped over the fine couches, on the hand-woven rugs, and on the expensively landscaped lawns, until a man is seen coming closer only to hand us the bill for this f*cking outrage.
That was Reaganomics.
Now if we wanted to wax disrespectful we could talk about his terrorist policies in Central America, his union breaking stunts, declaring ketchup a mighty fine vegetable for school lunches, and on and on and on...
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