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Let's see, despite having the largest military budget by factors over most of the world, we aren't exactly omnipotent. Before 9/11 happened, we couldn't even get overflight rights from Pakistan (the security police supported / still support the Taliban)... so sending in troops was a bit problematic. Missiles and bombers are easier, which is why Clinton choose to try to get Bin Laden with a few cruise missles...
Of course, there is a story there too. Apparently, Clinton ordered that the entire cruise missile launch be carried out by US submarines which would launch the attack and give maybe 10 to 15 minutes flight time warning to Bin Laden (Pakistani ISI sees the missiles on radar, places call, maybe gets to someone, they evacuate... good bet that this doesn't happen quickly enough). Unfortunately, some Navy idiot, acting on his own, sends in missile cruisers as well as subs... giving the ISI hours and hours of advance warning... they were tipped by Bin Laden to warn him of US surface ships coming close to shore... and so the missiles landed on empty training camps. And now Ann Coulter gets to smirk about "lobbing a few missiles around" as the ineffectual response to terror provided by democrats.
Putting on tin foil hat... I've suspected that the Pentagon gave away our intentions ON PURPOSE because they didn't believe in that type of response and wanted it to fail and for Clinton/Gore to get the blame.
Anyway, W. didn't really want to invade Afghanistan and get Bin Laden. Not at all, and not even after 9/11. The effort that we mounted to attack Bin Laden was a joke when compared to what we did in Iraq. We mostly ran bombing runs and some air support, but most of the fighting was done by Northern Alliance fighters. Even to this day this is true. I mean, why attack a small country and install a former Unocal contractor (like, say, Karzai) so that a pipeline (two, one for natural gas, one for oil) can be built over the next 5 years and some little bit of slightly cheaper oil will be on the market... when the alternative is to use the same pretext (9/11) and invade a country that already HAS oil wells and proven reserves and pipelines and ports and so on... not to mention installing a standing military within 100 miles of the largest oil reserves known on the planet (a majority of the Saudi, Kuwaiti and Iraqi oil fields are actually quite close together).
So we haven't really made the effort in Afghanistan. Karzai rules only in Kabul... and the Taliban are still around, along with what's left of the Northern Alliance.
But to answer you question directly, the Taliban decided that we would not fight an effective war there and remove them... and that Bin Laden was worth the risk... we had to fight the Taliban because we were going to make a show of getting Bin Laden (I still think he is the October surprise)... and only 9/11 made this possible in that Pakistan became much more cooperative. Of course, we've completely (almost completely) mucked it up. Afghanistan is still nowhere near like it was before the Russians and the Taliban. Islamic fundamentalists are still running amok and killing girls that try to go to school or to work as doctors and such. Opium is again the king cash crop and Bin Laden, as far as we've been told, is still hiding out in some mountain retreat or another.
Sorry for the long answer. You really need to buy a number of books that are available now (perhaps someone else will chime in with a complete list). Start with House of Bush/House of Saud.
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