News watchers were the LEAST informed of all the people who watch or listen to news. They were misinformed about objective facts.
Those who listened to NPR were the most informed and had the least amount of misinformation.
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Fox and the war in Iraq
A year-long study by the University of Maryland's Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) http://www.pipa.org/OnlineReports/Iraq/Media_10_02_03_Report.pdf reported that Americans who relied on the Fox News Channel for their coverage of the Iraq war were the most likely to believe misinformation about the war, whatever their political affiliation may be. Those mistaken facts, the study found, increased viewers' support for the war.
The study found that, in general, people who watched Fox News were, more than for other sources, convinced of several untrue propositions which were actively promoted by the Bush administration and the cheerleading media led by Fox, in rallying support for the invasion of Iraq:
(percentages are of all poll respondents, not just Fox watchers)
* 57% believed the falsity that Iraq gave substantial support to Al-Qaida, or was directly involved in the September 11 attacks. (48% after invasion)
* 69% believed the falsity that Saddam Hussein was personally involved in the September 11 attacks.
* 22% believed the falsity that weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq. (21% believed that chem/bio weapons had actually been used against U.S. soldiers in Iraq during 2003)
In the composite analysis of the PIPA study, 80% of Fox news watchers had one of more of these misperceptions; in contrast to 71% for CBS and 27% who tuned to NPR/PBS.