VANCOUVER, Wash.—If dollars spent equated to salmon recovered, the Northwest may well be awash in fish.
Hundreds of millions of dollars have been plowed into improving habitat for salmon and steelhead over the past three decades in the Columbia River basin, all in an effort to recover wild salmon runs that have now dwindled nearly to the point of extinction. Yet regional fishery managers are only now devising systematic ways of assessing the hodgepodge of man-made log jams, side channels and tree-plantings scattered across the Northwest.
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Emily Bernhardt, an assistant professor of biology at Duke University, joined other researchers across the country to figure out elements in common between successful river restoration projects. They formed a database of 37,000 projects across the country. The project fizzled, however, when it became apparent that scarcely 10 percent indicated any monitoring at all. "There is a great deal of this work going on and very little accountability," Bernhardt wrote in an e-mail after The Columbian published a story earlier this year about a project on the East Fork of the Lewis River that collapsed after just a few months.
In a study published by the journal Restoration Ecology in September 2007, Bernhardt and 11 other researchers wrote that project information is kept on a piecemeal basis. Of the data that was available, much of it had been filed away on shelves and in filing cabinets. The study suggested a national program of strategic monitoring so project sponsors could share information about what works and what doesn't.
"Ecological degradation typically motivated restoration projects, but post-project appearance and positive public opinion were the most commonly used metrics of success," the researchers wrote. "Less than half of all projects set measurable objectives for their projects, but nearly two-thirds of all interviewees felt that their projects had been completely successful."
In the Northwest, fishery managers are beginning to devise more systematic approaches. It's not easy to make the case for studying a river restoration project after it's finished, said Ken Dzinbal, who is coordinating a monitoring program for projects underwritten by the Washington Salmon Recovery Funding Board.
"If you're a congressman or state senator, it's far more noteworthy to announce you've got $1 million to fix a problem," Dzinbal said. "It is not very noteworthy to say, I got another $100,000 to make sure we can continue to monitor this 10 years from now." State authorities conducted their first comprehensive monitoring study of restoration projects in 2002, he said. They're trying to answer three basic questions. Did the project work? What's the cost-benefit? What's the ideal design?
"Without an objective monitoring program, we'd be reduced to (project sponsors) saying, Yeah, this works," Dzinbal said. "With monitoring, we can compare it to other projects in the state."
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http://www.usnews.com/articles/science/2009/04/13/tracking-the-results-of-salmon-habitat-restoration.html
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