Fire Is Important Part of Global Climate Change, Report Scientists

[OKIsItJustMe]

http://www.ia.ucsb.edu/pa/display.aspx?pkey=1994

Fire Is Important Part of Global Climate Change, Report Scientists

April 23, 2009

(Santa Barbara, Calif.) –– Fire must be accounted for as an integral part of climate change, according to 22 authors of an article published in the April 24 issue of the journal Science. The authors determined that intentional deforestation fires alone contribute up to one-fifth of the human-caused increase in emissions of carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas that raises global temperature.

The work is the culmination of a meeting supported by the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (KITP) and the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS), both based at UC Santa Barbara and funded by the National Science Foundation.

The authors call on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to fully integrate fire into their assessments of global climate change, and to consider fire-climate feedbacks, which have been largely absent in global models.

The article ties together various threads of knowledge about fire, which have, until now, remained isolated in disparate fields, including ecology, global modeling, physics, anthropology, and climatology.

Increasing numbers of wildfires are influencing climate as well, the authors report. "The tragic fires in Victoria, Australia, emphasize the ubiquity of recent large wildfires and potentially changing fire regimes that are concomitant with anthropogenic climate change," said first author David Bowman, professor at the University of Tasmania. "Our review is both timely and of great relevance globally."

Carbon dioxide is the most important and well-studied greenhouse gas that is emitted by burning plants. Other atmospheric changes caused by fires are increases in the greenhouse gas methane, increased aerosol particulates from smoke, and the changing reflectance of a charred landscape. Consequences of large fires also have huge economic, environmental, and health costs, report the authors.

The authors state, "Earth is intrinsically a flammable planet due to its cover of carbon-rich vegetation, seasonally dry climates, atmospheric oxygen, widespread lightning, and volcano ignitions. Yet, despite the human species' long-held appreciation of this flammability, the global scope of fire has been revealed only recently by satellite observations, available beginning in the 1980s."

They note, however, that satellites cannot adequately capture fire activity in ecosystems with very long fire intervals, or those with highly variable fire activity.

Co-lead author Jennifer Balch, a postdoctoral fellow at NCEAS, explains that there are bigger and more frequent fires from the western U.S. to the tropics. There are "fires where we don't normally see fires," she says, noting that in the humid tropics a lot of deforestation fires are occurring, usually to expand agriculture or cattle ranching. "Wet rainforests have not historically experienced fires at the frequency that they are today. During extreme droughts, such as in 97-98, Amazon wildfires burned through 39,000 square kilometers of forest."

She explains the importance of the article: "This synthesis is a prerequisite for adaptation to the apparent recent intensification of fire feedbacks, which have been exacerbated by climate change, rapid land cover transformation, and exotic species introductions –– that collectively challenge the integrity of entire biomes."

The authors acknowledge that their estimate of fire's influence on climate is just a start, and they highlight major research gaps that must be addressed in order to understand the complete contribution of fire to the climate system.

Balch notes that a holistic fire science is necessary, and points out fire's true importance. "We don't think about fires correctly," she said. "Fire is as elemental as air or water. We live on a fire planet. We are a fire species. Yet, the study of fire has been very fragmented. We know lots about the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, but we know very little about the fire cycle, or how fire cycles through the biosphere."

Research Contacts:

Jennifer Balch is available at
[phone] (cell),
[phone] (office),
or [e-mail].

David Bowman is available at
042 88 94 500 (cell),
Tel (Int) [phone],
Tel (Aus) 03 6226 1943,
or [e-mail].

[hatrack]

1. And on a related note . . . . I am the god of hellfire, and I bring you . . .

FIRE!

[kristopher]

2. Damn! You must be a bit long in the tooth too.

I haven't heard or thought of that in a very long time...

[kristopher]

3. On a serious note

Kick and rec. This strikes me as a very significant piece of work. "We don't think about fires correctly," she said. "Fire is as elemental as air or water. We live on a fire planet. We are a fire species. Yet, the study of fire has been very fragmented. We know lots about the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, but we know very little about the fire cycle, or how fire cycles through the biosphere."

[Fotoware58]

4. Not news to me!

I figured this out about 20 years ago from working in burned forests. It's really too bad that people still think that wildfires are good for the environment. It's even worse that the Forest Service is actively encouraging the burning of massive chunks of forest. They've already planned out chunks as large as 100,000 acres. The Biscuit Fire was finally suppressed at 500,000 acres. The Yellow Fire in Idaho topped out at 400,000 acres. The fires in California's Ventana Wilderness burned over 200,000 acres and became the most expensive fire in California history. Etc....Etc....Etc

Black forests mean greener wallets for firefighters and they don't have to do much more than just watch for weeks on end.

[XemaSab]

5. If you ain't ever been to the Biscuit

don't ever come to the Biscuit,

'Cause you wouldn't understand the Biscuit.