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Ignore personal responsibility: There are slackers, there are those who, for a variety of reasons, cannot or do not work. Focus on the rest.
The problem is that when there's insufficient resources or demand for something, you have two choices: You can concentrate the work or you can distribute the work. If you concentrate the work, you get some people fully employed and others unemployed. If you distribute, you get underemployment or the same effect--lowered standards of living for some and raised standards of living for others.
With specialization--and industrialization produced a lot of specialization--distributing the work gets harder. Granted, if there are enough unemployed programmers you could hire them all for 20 hours/week, but it's still inefficient. This, of course, is fair: You get what you earned, and what you don't earn goes to somebody else.
Even pre-industrialization you'd run into circumstances where the limiting factor was land: Then some would have enough land to work full time while others would have no land. The alternative would be to distribute land so that nobody needed full-time labor, and eventually nobody's land would be enough to support their families. Indeed, as it approached that limit people would send their kids away--to find their lot elsewhere (which drives a fair bit of Mexican immigration), or to be in the military, the great pre-industrial unlanded occupation with dignity.
The replacement strategy these days seems to be to have people work full time but to take what they earned and pay others to do nothing so that the first group can continue to have full employment. In pre-industrial times where property wasn't clearly possessed by individuals this would have been seen as criminal. It seems less criminal when they're paid to do grunt work, but that's also a throwback.
After all, if you're the lord of the manor and you have more mouths than you need to work your land, what do you do with the excess labor? Let them sit around and foment dissent? Of course not. Some you put in the army--sending them all off to fight from time to time. Others you put on public works--dig a ditch, fix the road, build the manor house. You might have all the men put in 10 hours for such projects, or just take 1/5 of the men and have them work full time on such projects. Same difference.
So what you're actually suggesting is feudalism. Ah.
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