GAY AND LESBIAN RIGHTS IN CUBA
PRE-REVOLUTIONARY CUBA
In common with other countries in the region, the history of the Cuban
gay and lesbian community has been an unhappy one. The revolution of
1959 inherited legislation introduced in 1938 – the Public Ostentation Law -
which imposed a six-month prison sentence (or equivalent fine) on anyone
who “habitually engaged in homosexual acts”, who sexually propositioned
someone or who “created a public scandal” by openly “flaunting his
homosexuality in public”(2). Intellectuals, writers and artists were
associated with homosexuality and therefore found themselves denigrated
by a society characterised by its machista values, cultural backwardness
and adherence to the Roman Catholic Church which viewed same-sex
relationships as a sexual aberration. Socially the subject was considered
taboo.
To make matters worse, illicit gay sex was a component of the
prostitution industry that thrived in Cuba before the Revolution, Cuba being
viewed the biggest off-shore brothel in the Caribbean.
1959 – 1969
Official and public attitudes towards gays and lesbians did not
change with the arrival of the Revolution. In addition to the traditional
machista culture and Catholic values, Cuba’s new ally, the USSR held
equally hostile policies towards gays and lesbians, seeing homosexuality
as a product of the decadent capitalist society prevailing in Cuba in the
1950s. Furthermore, in a society which was the target of increasing
hostility by its close and powerful neighbour, the United States,
culminating in the Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961 and the Missile Crisis of
1962, the gay community was seen as a threat to the military order.
~snip~
Understandably there were protests against the UMAP camps from all
quarters. In his article ‘The Sexual Politics of Reinaldo Arenas: Fact,
Fiction and the Real Record of the Cuban Revolution’ (3), Jon Hillson
describes how Fidel Castro visited one such camp incognito to experience
the treatment for himself. He was followed by 100 boys from the
Communist Youth whose identity was also kept secret. In 1968, shortly
after these visits, the camps closed.
~snip~
....Cuba is now
considered one of the more open and tolerant societies in the region
towards lesbians and gays.More:
http://www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk/faqdocs/Cuba-sexual-diversity.pdf(emphasis added)