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That means, literally and without much wiggle room, that we, as a government, can't even comment on the subject, certainly not endorse it and definitely NOT make laws regarding it. It's NOT, as theocrats claim, just to keep any one SECT from having sway, it's talking about the concept of religion itself.
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment (which is a verb, the act of establishing, not a noun, or a place of business); we violate this by putting "In God We Trust" on money, we violate this with every spending bill authorizing funds for the office of Faith-Based Initiatives. Personally, much as I don't like religion, I don't want to push this point at the moment any more than I want to draft any more gun legislation, but it's there. I'm content to freeze things as they are and contain the current encroachment
Just because the phrase "separation of church and state" that was used by Jefferson and Madison isn't specifically there, it IS in at least one historical letter of Jefferson's to explain the concept behind the wording that is there.
By saying that Congress shall make no law on the subject, it is literally keeping government and religion skew, which is to say that there is a separation between the two. Jefferson literally wrote of "a wall" between the two, which is about as specific a term for "separation" as one should need.
Looked at another way, "Congress" is the evocation of the "state", and "make no law" is the "separation" between it and "religion" or "church".
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