General Discussion
Related: Editorials & Other Articles, Issue Forums, Alliance Forums, Region ForumsJCMach1
(27,555 posts)JCMach1
(27,555 posts)in the last 4 years...
MoonRiver
(36,926 posts)Liberal_in_LA
(44,397 posts)TexasProgresive
(12,157 posts)Honey bees were not native to the Americas, so how did the native plants get pollinated?
The following list are plants native to the Americas but not Europe:
agave
amaranth (as grain)
arrowroot
avocado
common beans (pinto, lima, kidney, etc.)
black raspberry
bell pepper
blueberry (not to be confused with bilberry, also called blueberry)
canistel
cashew
chia
chicle
chirimoya
chili peppers
cranberries (large cranberry, or bearberry species)
coca
cocoa
cotton (long-staple species)
custard apple
guava (common)
huckleberry
Jerusalem artichoke
jicama
maize (corn)
manioc (cassava, tapioca, yuca)
papaya
passionfruit
peanut
pecan
pineapple
potato
prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica)
pumpkin
quinoa
rubber
sapodilla
squash
strawberry (commercial varieties)
sugar-apple
sunflower
sweet potato
tobacco
tomato
vanilla
wild rice (Indian rice, not directly related to Asian rice)
yerba maté
yucca
zucchini (courgette)
bhikkhu
(10,715 posts)TexasProgresive
(12,157 posts)I am aware that there are bees native to the new world, such as bumble bees, carpenter bees and lots of solitary bees. I have not seen any reports that native bees are in decline.
Now I know that commercial bee keepers farm out their hives of honey bees to orchard growers to increase pollination and yield of fruit and the loss of the honey bee would be devastating to the fruit and nut growers but if the honey bee continued to decline would our native bees gain from the lowered competition and take up the slack?
Uncle Joe
(58,348 posts)will the empty chambers take up the slack of the loaded one?
I don't believe it wise to gamble on such.
bhikkhu
(10,715 posts)The quick answer would be yes, they are suffering from decline. Possibly due to the same problems honeybees are facing. The more complicated answer is that we don't know very much about the problem; bees (and insects in general) are hardly kept track of at all.
TexasProgresive
(12,157 posts)I am not saying that honey bee decline is not a serious problem. It is something that we will have to deal with or perhaps mother nature is wanting us to shuffle off this mortal coil. In other words, a reboot.
MyNameGoesHere
(7,638 posts)350000000 people. I am sure the native bees did quite well when they only had a few hundred trees to pollinate.
airplaneman
(1,239 posts)Canola is listed twice.
caballojm
(272 posts)when it comes to protecting Monsanto's profit margin. Poisoning the planet is BIG business.
MoonRiver
(36,926 posts)SDjack
(1,448 posts)MoonRiver
(36,926 posts)Throd
(7,208 posts)Zorra
(27,670 posts)I have come to this conclusion.
"When the Last Tree Is Cut Down, the Last Fish Eaten, and the Last Stream Poisoned, You Will Realize That You Cannot Eat Money"
~ Alanis Obomsawin
I'm pretty sure that the only way to save the bees is to stop global capitalism dead in its tracks and institute sane environmental policies worldwide. And even then, it might already be too late.
chervilant
(8,267 posts)Our species is proving to be grossly narcissistic and hedonistic. When Gaia rolls over to scrape us off her backside, we'll just have to go along for that ride.
Spitfire of ATJ
(32,723 posts)Problem solved.
NRaleighLiberal
(60,014 posts)Tomatoes, eggplant and peppers are perfect flowered - self pollinated as the flowers open. So bees are not necessary; in fact for seed savers, bees are a nuisance, since they create unwanted crosses. I believe beans and peas are perfect flowered as well.
Bees are essential when you need pollen brought from the male flower to the female flowers - most easily seen in squash, cukes and melons.
laundry_queen
(8,646 posts)zucchini and cucumbers over the last few years. I've been trying to pollinate them myself. Finally this year I bought a self-pollinating hybrid for cukes and finally got enough cukes throughout the summer, but man, it's really sad it's come to that.
NRaleighLiberal
(60,014 posts)attracting flowers and herbs around...so sad.
JDPriestly
(57,936 posts)I cleared out all my wood sorrel one year. Our avocado harvest was sad. That's how I learned to protect some weeds for the bees.
TexasProgresive
(12,157 posts)My point in my response to the OP was there was lack of information and as you wrote actual misinformation. I don't think it is intentional since not all people are knowledgeable in biology/horticulture.
The bee decline is a serious problem but it is important to have the facts correct so that others will learn how grave it is.
My advice is, "When discussion something, don't give out a mixture of correct and false facts because that will diminish or destroy your position." (Even though that seems to work for RWers we are not allowed such liberties.)
JDPriestly
(57,936 posts)If you use chemicals to destroy weeds, I can't prove you will kill the bees, but I do know that you make your garden less hospitable to bees.
I grow lots of milkweed (partly for the butterflies that feed on it) as well as wood sorrel under my trees because they attract the bees that give me good food in my garden.
The best way to reduce the number of weeds in your garden is to just pull out or dig up those you really don't want. Leave the rest for the bees. They especially love yellow flowers.
B Calm
(28,762 posts)Zorra
(27,670 posts)B Calm
(28,762 posts)they seem to be smaller than honey bees. They are larger than your normal sweat bee. I have seen hornets feasting on them too.
JDPriestly
(57,936 posts)We do not spray our avocado trees. Do you grow things like milkweed or other flowering plants?
B Calm
(28,762 posts)bees swarm in and and i guess are eating them. No I don't spray the apple trees, too big of trees.
KittyWampus
(55,894 posts)B Calm
(28,762 posts)Last edited Sat Nov 2, 2013, 03:49 PM - Edit history (1)
I just got back from looking at them up close and looking at the link in an above post, they are yellow jackets! I don't know why, but I always thought yellow jackets were about the size of bumble bees.
davidn3600
(6,342 posts)Or something like that....
MoonRiver
(36,926 posts)That man had incredible insight!
Paulie
(8,462 posts)Bees lack that adaptive immune system that generates pathogen-specific antibodies and T cells in mammals. But they share an innate immune system, which is able to generally recognize infectious agents like bacteria. In fact, this innate immune system is evolutionarily ancient, as the same genes are used to control the response in animals as distantly related as bees and humans.
Previous toxicology work in mammals indicated that a specific class of insecticides, the neonicotinoids, could influence the activity of genes involved in the innate immune system. These genes were activated by the presence of neonicotinoids, and they shut down a key regulator of the innate immune system (a protein called NF-?b). Thus, the more of these insecticides, the less effective the innate immune system is likely to beat least in mammals.
The researchers started by showing that the same is true in insects. Initially, they worked with everyone's favorite fruit fly, Drosophila, showing that the equivalent genes responded in the same ways in the flies. They then showed that the innate immune response isn't activated when these same flies are exposed to an infection. A different class of insecticide (an organophosphate) had a much weaker effect on the fly's innate immunity. With the molecular activity well characterized, they went on to demonstrate that the same effects could be seen in bees.
http://arstechnica.com/science/2013/10/an-insecticide-infection-connection-in-bee-colony-collapses/
mike_c
(36,281 posts)At least it's not true if we're talking about honey bees. All bees, maybe, but there are many thousands of bee species (and ironically, agribusiness dependence upon honey bees creates some of the greatest threats those native bee species face).
Few, if any of those plants coevolved with honey bees, i.e. they all evolved pollination partnerships with OTHER species, including other bees. Modern intensive agriculture has coopted the honey bee as the pollinator of choice because it enables large scale monoculture agriculture and allows growers to treat their surrounding pollinator habitat like crap. Honey bees are efficient, but NONE of those species the OP mentions are dependent upon honey bee pollination, except in the agricultural settings in which they are most often grown for maximum production and profit.
Declining honey bee populations-- if they actually occur and are prolonged-- will lead to some significant changes in agricultural practices. And they'll hurt agribusiness, including beekeeping and honey production, but none of the apocalyptic predictions currently popular in the fearmonger press will come to pass.