Treating Frostbite (Especially important in this weather)
Frostbite Overview
Frostbite occurs when tissues freeze. This condition happens when you are exposed to temperatures below the freezing point of skin. Hypothermia is the condition of developing an abnormally low body temperature. Frostbite and hypothermia are both cold-related medical emergencies.
The condition has long been recognized. A 5000-year-old pre-Columbian mummy discovered in the Chilean mountains offers the earliest documented evidence of frostbite. More recently, Napoleon's surgeon general, Baron Dominique Larrey, provided the first description of the mechanisms of frostbite in 1812, during his army's retreat from Moscow. He also noted the harmful effects of the freeze-thaw-freeze cycle endured by soldiers who would warm their frozen hands and feet over the campfire at night only to refreeze those same parts by the next morning.
Although frostbite used to be a military problem, it is now a civilian one as well. The nose, cheeks, ears, fingers, and toes are most commonly affected. Everyone is susceptible, even people who have been living in cold climates for most of their lives. Some groups of people at greatest risk for frostbite and hypothermia include those:
who spend a great deal of time outdoors, such as the homeless, hikers, hunters, etc.;
under the influence of alcohol;
who are elderly without adequate heating, food, and shelter;
who are exhausted or excessively dehydrated;
who are mentally ill.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 12/9/2014
Medical Author:
Melissa Conrad Stöppler, MD, Chief Medical Editor
Medical Editor:
Mary Nettleman, MD, MS, MACP
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Read the rest for causes, treatment and other info:
Much more: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/frostbite/article_em.htm
= new reply since forum marked as read
Who is your studmuffin? And he is outside in that weather in shorts? 
in 5 degree Indiana weather....he said that he was going to play ball...
I'd be in wind or warm up pants! 
