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Indy is a flattened oval, which is to say there are short straightaways at each end of the oval. There are four turns, and all of the turns are to the left. The entire race is very high speed, with speeds approaching 250mph on the longer straights, and even the turns are close to 200 or more.
Formula 1 is more of a road race, with multiple turns in both directions. They used to be run on public roads and streets, not sure how much of that still happens. I assume Monaco still does. There was an old British track that was run on a retired airport, I think that was the only real 'flat' race. Most of them involve hills, too. Speeds vary quite a bit, with some hairpin turns on some tracks where the cars slow down to 60mph or less, while the longer straights approach Indy speeds.
Racing vehicles have diverged from ordinary passenger vehicles. Most every technology on modern high end race cars -- tires, brakes, entire engines -- are essentially throw-aways, definitely not designed to last 250,000 miles or more... (My wife and I both drive cars with this kind of mileage on them. I'm an indifferent mechanic, but we know some of the best mechanics in town; people who love cars. I don't like cars, but I can repair most things.)
Citing two of your examples, short-lived goopy race car tires are nothing you'd want on your own passenger car. DOT rated "competition" tires are derivative of passenger car designs, not the other way around, with mostly cosmetic changes like different sidewall decorations and a more aggressive looking tread design. Short-lived racing brake pads are similarly useless on passenger cars. DOT rated "competition" brake pads are derivative of ordinary passenger car designs. (The move away from asbestos brake pads was driven by health concerns, not competition. Asbestos is a carcinogen.)
Don't take my car skepticism personally. I have two brothers who are car and motorcycle enthusiasts and both did a lot of racing when they were young, with all the scars and permanent injuries that go along with that. They always had bikes like this:
and the occasional dangerously over-powered Lamborghini or Porsche.
Yeah, I've driven those, but I'd never buy anything like that. Hell, I'd be happy if I never bought a car again and my current car reaches 500,000 miles or beyond.
I seem to be missing whatever gene it is that makes people appreciate aggressive driving and fast cars and bikes, but my wife has it, and one of our kids has it. Our kid learned the hard way that owning a high performance car and driving it too fast attracts the attention of the Highway Patrol. He sold the fast car and bought a boring entirely nondescript car just one ticket away from license suspension.
Too many military trauma and PTSD veterans to study.
A long, long time ago I developed some software that shockingly (to me anyways) turned out to have some military application. Raised as a pacifist, I fled. Maybe a rational person would have stayed for the money, but I was not that person. My partner-in-crime later bought a house in La Jolla with the tainted proceeds. Maybe I'm just some sort of idiot.
One of my grandfathers was an Army Air Force officer in World War II. I gather he did what he had to do to get the job done, dirty deeds done dirt cheap, with Italian and Russian connections. But he never talked about that. His greatest pride was the work he did as an engineer to land men on the moon. I've got his metal-has-been-in-space medallions. There are other bits of metal he conceived, touched, on the moon and in the Smithsonian.
My other grandfather was a Conscientious Objector in World War II, refusing to put himself in any position he might have to directly kill anyone. So they gave him a choice of imprisonment or building and repairing Liberty and Victory ships. He was a welder, he built and repaired the ships.
