New ultra-contagious Omicron subvariants BA.4, BA.5 worsening California coronavirus wave

[pstokely]

Source: LA Times

The growing dominance of two new ultra-contagious Omicron subvariants is prolonging a wave of coronavirus cases in California and sparking growing concerns from health officials that coming weeks could see significant spread and increased hospitalizations.

BA.4 and BA.5 are now believed to be responsible for most new infections nationwide. The strains are of particular concern because they are not only especially contagious but also capable of reinfecting those who have survived earlier Omicron infection.

When it comes to BA.4 and BA.5, their “superpower is reinfection,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, a UC San Francisco infectious-disease expert.

Additionally, “there’s strong evidence they can spread even faster than other subvariants,” said Los Angeles County Public Health Director Barbara Ferrer.



Read more: https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-07-02/covid-persistent-threat-in-california-thanks-to-ba-4-ba-5?utm_source=reddit.com

[SheltieLover]

1. I've read these have deep lung involve1ment like earlier strains

Keep masking! 😷

[IronLionZion]

3. Do you have a source for that?

what's up with the misspelling? Did you mean involvement?

[FarPoint]

5. Stop with the harrassment please....

regarding spelling confrontation to DU'er.......that is just plain rude. You know what you are doing.

[IronLionZion]

12. I don't want to guess at what a word is supposed to be

[Skittles]

16. how is it rude to point out a misspelling?

seriously, unless you're making fun of the person what is the issue?

[FarPoint]

31. Okay....

Let me ask you this....Should the media and/or republicans or say a fox news host be embraced when they point out how President Biden stutters?

[Skittles]

34. WTF

are you seriously equating misspellings with stuttering?

here's a tip - people cannot fix stuttering by using a dictionary

OVER AND OUT

[Lithos]

38. Question

What's wrong with asking the OP what a word means?

TBH, some people here use mobile phones, or tablets to interact with DU. Others also do not have the best eyesight. I am definitely old enough now to have the modern equivalent of bifocals. So I try and give a little knowing there will be a time when I need to get a little back.

L-

[Skittles]

53. I guess because then it sounds like you ARE making fun of them

you know, if it's not a word

I understand not everyone is an ace speller but I see nothing wrong with respectfully correcting people or asking them to clarify.

[oldsoftie]

57. Oh god if you can't figure out "involve1ment" you have more serious problems.

Its a freaking "1" in the middle of an actual word. Jeezze people on this board are as touchy as two year olds.

[IronLionZion]

69. The poster changed the spelling at least 3 times, FYI

You're seeing the most recent one

[oldsoftie]

71. So at THAT point its just f'in with you. My apologies.

I guess there could be some legit reason why you can't correct after 3 tries but I can't think of one.

[IronLionZion]

72. I thought it might be some DU joke that I didn't know

but I guess not

[live love laugh]

77. I agree oldsoftie. It's patently obvious.

[Ms. Toad]

44. Not everyone can fix misspellings with a dictionary.

There are learning disabilities which prevent individuals from recognizing misspellings - or from choosing the correct suggestion from a spellcheck program. I had a student who failed a licensing exam on their first attempt because of this disability - so yes, misspellings can be the equivalent of stuttering.

[Peregrine Took]

66. +100.

[Peregrine Took]

67. + 100. This is supposed to be a good mannered discussion not a grilling or inquistion. n/t

[progree]

9. Omicron sub-variants 'evolving to target the lungs and overcome immunity' as UK cases surge

June 21
https://www.democraticunderground.com/100216823923

[IronLionZion]

11. Thanks

that's disappointing since it's spreading so easily these days

[BumRushDaShow]

13. Here

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.05.26.493539v1

This was linked in a Guardian article (I know it was brought up at the last FDA VRBPAC meeting on June 28 - yes at the same time the J6 hearing was going on so I streamed it while J6 was on my TV) where they recommended moving forward with variant-specific boosters) - https://www.democraticunderground.com/10142936226

Is UK at start of new Covid wave driven by BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants?


Linda Geddes Science correspondent
Wed 15 Jun 2022 07.39 EDT
First published on Tue 14 Jun 2022 11.00 EDT

If you thought Covid-19 was dead and gone, think again. Early signs indicate that the UK may be at the start of a new wave of Covid infections driven by BA.4 and BA.5 – while new data suggests these variants may have evolved to refavour infecting lung tissue, which could make them more dangerous. So what can we expect in the coming weeks and months? Although BA.2 continues to account for the bulk of UK infections, data from the Office for National Statistics up to 2 June suggests that Covid cases may be starting to rise again in England and Northern Ireland, driven by an increase in BA.4 and BA.5 infections.

(snip)

According to research published in Science on Tuesday, natural infection with Omicron doesn’t produce a strong immune response, regardless of whether scientists look at antibodies or T-cells – meaning that people who have already recovered from an Omicron infection can quickly become reinfected. The findings, from Prof Danny Altmann at Imperial College London and colleagues, may help to explain why infection levels have remained high in countries such as the UK, despite so many already having been infected with it.

According to preliminary data from Kei Sato at the University of Tokyo and colleagues, BA.4, BA.5 and BA.2.12.1 may have evolved to refavour infection of lung cells, rather than upper respiratory tract tissue – making them more similar to earlier variants, such as Alpha or Delta. The propensity of earlier Omicron variants to prefer infecting non-lung tissue may be one reason why infections tend to be milder in most people. “It looks as though these things are switching back to the more dangerous form of infection, so going lower down in the lung,” Dr Stephen Griffin, a virologist at the University of Leeds, said.

Sato’s experiments indicate that BA.4, BA.5 and BA.2.12.1 replicate more efficiently in human lung cells than BA.2, while further experiments in hamsters suggest that BA.4 and BA.5 may cause more severe disease. These variants also appear to have a higher reproduction number than BA.2, while further experiments by Sato’s lab indicate that BA.4 and BA.5 may be resistant to immunity induced by earlier Omicron infections (similar to Altmann’s findings). “Altogether, our investigations suggest that the risk of [these] Omicron variants, particularly BA.4 and BA.5, to global health is potentially greater than that of original BA.2,” Sato said.

(snip)

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/14/uk-at-start-of-new-covid-wave-driven-by-ba4-and-ba5-new-data-suggests

[IronLionZion]

14. Thanks

[BumRushDaShow]

18. You're welcome

At least the combo (bivalent) vaccines look promising but not so much the monovalent Omicron-specific ones though, so expect the bivalents will be the way they go. Gives broader coverage across the variety of circulating variants.

For example, this is what Moderna had presented for the expanded boost their bivalent (original vax + an Omicron-targeted one) provided -



I.e., it worked well not just with the nasty Delta, but the original Omicron and the currently increasing BA.4 & BA.5 variants of Omicron, where the original 1273 by itself (as yet another booster) wasn't doing much to neutralize BA.4 or BA.5.

[Ms. Toad]

45. I received my second pfizer booster exactly 21 days before I contracted COVID

It was almost certainly BA.4/BA.5, based on how much of the vaccinated - and largely boosted - group I was with, as well as those two being the dominant strains at the moment.

That booster likely kept my symptoms to a bare minimum (I thought the early symptom was simply a scratchy throat from diving and breathing dry air, and I used no more than 2 dozen tissues for the entire duration of the symptomatic stage - as compared to 2 boxes of tissues for most colds.)

[BumRushDaShow]

58. Yeah the current vaccines have been found to be barely effective

for BA.4/BA.5 although the immune response that gets triggered is many times better than what might occur with anyone who is unvaccinated, and even better than that exhibited by those who may have contracted other variants.

And apparently in the trials, monovalent Omicron-specific ones aren't responding as strongly as hoped/expected BUT if done in combo with one of the original vaccines that targeted Wuhan (wild type), Alpha (and even Beta), a nexus of reactive immune responses was found to be achieved. So I expect that will be the direction they will continue to go and it's a matter of finding the proper mix of variant-specific engineered vaccines to achieve the best outcomes.

Hell... these seem to have done better than getting the annual Influenza strains correctly identified, and those vaccines deployed (only to end up with a complete miss like last year or maybe get a 40% hit on the correct one like previous years).

And finally, as is being acknowledged that I yelled 2 years ago - as long as this thing keeps mutating, there is no such thing as "herd immunity" to this and this is finally being admitted (at least tacitly). Although so much more extreme in terms of damage if contracted when compared to the "common cold", COVID-19 is still in the same sort of family as the viruses that cause the "common cold" and there is no "herd immunity" to the "common cold".

[progree]

17. Hopefully it will be a short-lived wave. TomConroy posted something about the rise and fall of

the latest wave (mostly Ba.4 and .5) in South Africa.

Til the next wave.

[BumRushDaShow]

24. South Africa is a bit of a canary but also an outlier to a degree

because South Africa was overrun with the Beta variant where both Europe and the US had very little Beta and mostly Alpha.

Right now, BA.4/BA.5 is swamping the UK and France, where I think I had posted that France had reported they were not quite at peak yet but expected to hit it by the end of this month/beginning of next month.

Fascinatingly enough, BA.4 & BA.5 haven't been accelerating at the extreme rate that the original strains of Omicron did last fall/winter, so although it probably won't drag out like Delta, I don't think it is going to come and go as fast as the original Omicron either.

Don't know if that is an artifact of the drop off of testing to capture a true picture of the presence of it here or what.

So as a comparison - this is how BA.4/BA.5 has manifested as of last week -



And compare with how the dominant BA.1.1.529 of Omicron came blasting in ad shoved Delta completely out of its way -



(edit to add another Omicron BA.1.1.529 in) -



Even BA.2 was running faster than BA.4/BA.5 -

[progree]

33. Thanks much for the "March of the Mutants" /nt

[BumRushDaShow]

36. LOL

Here are the origins of those mutant troops and how they established their formations -





(posted about it downthread here - https://www.democraticunderground.com/?com=view_post&forum=1014&pid=2938024)

If you throw the image in a new tab or window, you can zoom to see it better.

That was from one of the slides shown last week at the FDA VRBPAC discussion about the use of Omicron-specific vaccines (whether standalone or bi-/multi-valent) going forward.

[JanMichael]

26. Read the same thing on BBC site about a week ago

Apparently these new strains dip down into the lungs again.

[Lucky Luciano]

74. I'm actually very good at spelling, but not iPhone typing.

I have given up and I just let bad words stand or I get too pissed off backspacing incessantly where I’d rather just delete the post. Sometimes I’ll edit later after I post, but not always.

[IronLionZion]

75. The poster is clearly messing with me

they changed the spelling at least 3-4 times

[LoisB]

19. "Keep masking" is the best advice but I've noticed lately that more and more people are going

unmasked. My plan is that when Dr. Fauci says I no longer have to wear a mask, I will continue to wear one. I am not getting any younger and I plan to get many more years older.

[NullTuples]

64. We know the next wave is coming and yet...no mask mandates. No indoor restrictions.

This is madness.

[LoisB]

65. It is madness. With some exceptions (nursing homes, jails, hospitals, government buildings, etc.)

even in CA we no longer have mandates, we have "strong recommendations".

[beaglelover]

79. No thanks. I haven't worn a mask in months and

Don’t plan to unless it is required by the place I’m entering. I’ve had my second booster and go to Pilates classes and the gym 4 times a week. Eat out and sit inside the restaurant about 6 times a week. Never got COVID and if I do it will be minor illness. I may not even know I have it. I also go into the office 3 times a week and have for a year.

[róisín_dubh]

80. I've had it twice.

Once Delta and the other likely Omicron I guess. I'm in the UK where folks on here are suggesting a surge is underway. Maybe there is, but no one has informed the British public of that. To be honest, the UK today seems much like the UK of 2019, minus some folks in masks. I mask if I have to go into London by train during rush hour, or unless a business requests it. But that's it.
As it's summer, I haven't done much indoor dining; it's been too nice to be inside.

[2naSalit]

2. Yikes.

Hardly anyone is even paying attention let alone wearing masks.

Around here the businesses have new signs up and some employees, mostly in the grocery stores, wear masks but the majority of tourists and the magats think it's been over for a long time.

[FarPoint]

6. I got my second Booster...

and have slacked off on the mask..... I do rare public exposure...I will pick back up into my program.

[certainot]

35. neighbor couple close to 80 had 2 shots and 2 boosters and got pretty sick with it - visited texas

[Ms. Toad]

46. I was infected 21 days after my 2nd booster.

And I mask virtually all of the time.

I was traveling, and ate one meal a day indoors. The rest of the time was outdoors, on an open boat, and/or underwater. (But I was unmasked around my spouse, who was infected earlier - despite testing negative at the time I caught it from her.)

So keep masking!

[ananda]

56. Me too

I am going to mask all the time now.

[magicarpet]

21. Self culling the herd,...

.... before they get to the polling station in 2022 or 2024.

USA,... USA,.... USA.

Make
America
Sane
Again

[Iggo]

41. Mmm, now I want tamales.

[Mz Pip]

4. My good friend has it.

She’s been testing positive for 10 days. She’s just exhausted from it, can’t sleep, not sense of smell or taste. She had all the vaccines and boosters but this variant doesn’t seem thwarted by the previous jabs.

Nasty stuff, this one.

[FarPoint]

7. What city or state is your friend?

[Mz Pip]

27. SF Bay Area

In Northern California.

[Ms. Toad]

47. That sounds like an older variant -

None of the many people I know who have it currently/recently have lost taste or smell.

[Lil Liberal Laura]

8. earth doesn't like us anymore

that's why it's trying to kill us

[oldsoftie]

59. I guess It's never liked us then, because we've had far worse many times over centuries.

Its natural to have things good and bad circulating in the world. Look how many different allergies affect people. Its all part of evolution.

[MeNotThatKindOfOrc]

10. I'm having it right now

My first go around was Nov. 2020 and I just found out that I was positive yesterday. I suppose if BA.4 and BA.5 are nationwide then this is what I have. I work in a pediatric hospital so I've been extremely careful. My husband had a "cold" the week before. I've had every symptom except pneumonia and it feels exactly like it did with the OG version. I already have bad parosmia from losing taste and smell the first time and wondering what I'll have an aversion to next.

[groundloop]

22. Yep, Covid finally caught up with me a couple of weeks ago.

I have no way of knowing which strain I caught but assume it's part of the latest wave, and it seems to have been concentrated in my lungs (I'm vaxxed and double boosted). In hindsight I wished I'd have continued to mask when in public, I guess I'd gotten cocky.

It was kind of strange in that I had symptoms for a couple of days and still tested negative. I was pretty miserable for several days, but at the two week mark I'm finally almost symptom free although still testing positive.

I was waiting for my smell and taste to go away, that never happened although at the peak of my symptoms a few things tasted "off".

[NullTuples]

63. Omni was called "stealth" COVID b/c current at-home / AB tests are nearly useless for it

They are significantly less sensitive to it, to the point of the timing of when the test is taken being reduced to a very small window.

And of course thanks to Moscow Mitch we have no funding for widespread PCR testing any longer.

[leighbythesea2]

78. Had it May 6

Was just as you described it. Don't know the variant ofc, am in Michigan.
Had successfully nagivated a near bubble environment since jan 2020 ( I got it, but not my mom)---trying to protect my mom.
Same, w parosmia, also 1st time. Got it 2nd time too. Smell therapy helped me! Good luck.

All vaxxed, etc, here. Tiring!

[yaesu]

15. As long As there are large populations in under developed countries or fascist deniers like in

the US that are unvaxxed this virus will be a threat for decades while drug companies try to play catchup with the variants.

[LoisB]

20. Yep.

[Pobeka]

23. One recent nice discovery -- Bluna face masks

We were on a plane back to the midwest last week, and in prep for that I did more research on face masks. Found the "mask nerd" who actually measured mask filtration function (on his own face).

Anyway, he built up a very large list of masks he tested, including some info about mask size. My SO and I have slightly narrower faces than average, and it was always a struggle to get a good seal around our cheeks.

These Bluna masks were very good, fit us very good, were comfortable for the whole airport/plane trip -- about 7 hours. They are in the top tier of kn94/n95 grade.

Glad we had the masks, as only about 1 in 10 passengers was wearing a mask.

[Pinback]

37. Aaron is a great resource!

His reviews and ratings have helped me identify a couple of very good mask choices. He’s performing an outstanding public service — thorough, informative, and seems like a really good guy to boot.

[Deminpenn]

28. If these mutations are so different, shouldn't they have

their own new Greek letter?

[BumRushDaShow]

29. At the last FDA VRBPAC meeting last week, here was one of the slides that showed the evolution

(from here (PDF) - https://www.fda.gov/media/159495/download)



(you can open the image in a new window or tab to zoom it)

This shows the lineages and why a variant might keep its same name but be sub-numbered vs being considered a distinctly new entity.

All of the slide decks from the 6/28/22 FDA VRBPAC meeting are here - https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/vaccines-and-related-biological-products-advisory-committee-june-28-2022-meeting-announcement#event-materials

W.H.O has the variants list here - https://www.who.int/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants and also points to co-lineages of those variants here - https://cov-lineages.org/lineage_list.html

I haven't spotted any mention of a "Pi" variant (if they end up using the name at some point).

[ramen]

49. Thanks for this.

I've been confused about when a variant gets a new letter.

[BumRushDaShow]

60. You're welcome

Last edited Sun Jul 3, 2022, 08:03 AM - Edit history (1)

They do go and really look at the genetic sequencing in these viruses and probably have criteria of how much of a change (within a variant) and/or what locations and types of sequence differences there needs to be to declare it a standalone.

I.e., its probably similar to how biologists/botanists/entomologists "key out" a species of animal/plant/insect based on certain "traits/characteristics" from the "Kingdom" level down to sub-species (if necessary) to identify an unknown find and determine whether it is unique enough to classify as new (or reclassify after finding it had a known origin that was missed).

[Ms. Toad]

48. Yes. But the powers that be would rather pretend it is over.

Giving it its own Greek letter acknowledges it isn't.

I'm pretty sure these were variants of interest months ago.

[Pluvious]

30. And yet we're still seeing scenes like this in Los Angeles ... ( AnimeExpo )

Link to tweet

( 6 sec video clip of a superspreader sea of Petri dishes )

[tanyev]

70. Yikes. A co-worker just canceled a trip to Southern California to see her son.

Someone the son was in close contact with tested positive the day before they were going to fly out. Co-worker was very disappointed because she was really looking forward to the trip and hasn’t seen this son in a couple years. Between the Covid surge in CA right now and all the flight cancellations, I think she made the right decision.

[SunSeeker]

32. The last of my close friends here in So. Cal. who had avoided covid just tested positive today.

Now I'm the only one in our group who has never tested positive.

[BigmanPigman]

40. Stay safe and wear masks!

I never go out without one and no one is allowed in my apt without one either.

[SunSeeker]

51. I do, but I'm usually the only one in the store with a mask.

I only go to restaurants with outdoor seating.

[BigmanPigman]

52. I hope you are feeling 100% sooner than later.

I hate being sick in the summer, especially with a fever. Does Covid come with a fever?

I was speaking with a friend today and both of us are part of the few who still wear masks in our San Diego area. I do it to protect myself at this point and not to protect others.

[SunSeeker]

54. I have yet to test positive. I'm pretty careful.

I have full-on N95 masks with head straps (got 3 from when Biden got the stores to pass them out) that I wear when I must be indoors for extended periods of time. But normally I just wear a KN95 with ear loops.

[BigmanPigman]

55. I feel soooooo protected knowing it is smashed up against my face.

I even tie a knot in the strap that goes around the bottom since I have a very small head. I sort of like wearing it...it hides my wrinkles (ha ha). I get Botox for migraines all over my forehead so with the mask I look younger but that could be my imagination. Today is my 60th birthday and the big wrinkles are starting to form. Oh no!

[Pinback]

39. Those of us at higher risk have to look out for ourselves.

Most people just don’t give a damn anymore and are not going to inconvenience themselves for your health. Sucks, but that’s where we are. This fall should be real fun.

I can only hope we continue to have effective antiviral treatments and another couple of rounds of new improved vaccines. We’re going to need all the help we can get.

[Skittles]

50. I hear you

it sickens me how many stupid, selfish people are around us, and they ain't all MAGAts

[MontanaMama]

42. My 17 year old kiddo has Covid right now.

He had what he thought were allergies…I gave him an antihistamine and sent him to bed on Wednesday night. He woke up early Thursday and told me he didn’t feel quite right… I tested him with a Binax test and he was positive. His dad and I are still negative and we are masking at home. The kiddo has congestion, headache, sore throat and a cough. He’s doing a little better today after sleeping 13 hours straight last night. Like all if us, I’m exhausted from all this. I don’t think it will ever be gone.

[Ms. Toad]

43. Likely what finally got me.

I've been extremely careful for the past 2+ years, but am just past isolation from a COVID infection I picked up while traveling. Out of the 100 people I was traveling with for a week of diving, I have learned after the fact that at least 20 were infected during out time together. (That is the number of people who have 'fessed up, so I suspect the actual number is higher).

I ate one meal a day indoors - and only one of those was near anyone outside of my family, in an otherwise mostly empty dining room. (Perhaps 20% full at the peak - especially after the first day when everyone decided the food was crappy). The rest of our meals were outside (we didn't have an outdoor option for the evening meal). Most of the rest of my time was spent on an open-air boat or underwater. When I was indoors and not actively eating, I was masked.

My spouse, on the other hand . . . didn't mask at all, and spent considerably more time indoors with others since she doesn't dive. And we shared a room.

She had an "allergy attack" mid-week, but tested negative. She has very severe allergies which knock her out sometimes for days at a time. This attack was consistent with several actual allergy attacks she had over the past couple of years and we were unaware of anyone around us was infected, so we assumed it was the same as all of her prior attacks during COVID. She took allergy medication, slept the rest of the day, and had snuffly remnants for a couple of days after that (as usual following an allergy attack). She apparently passed it on to me.

So, unfortunately, both of us traveled home with COVID. Comparing the folks I saw board our flight to the people who announced within 24 hours of getting home that they had contracted COVID - 5 of us were traveling with COVID. 4 of us were unaware of our infections at the time of the travel - large-scale testing was initiated among the group after one of the individuals on my flight announced he had tested positive. We also learned of one jerk who was running a fever on Friday, tested positive Friday, and still hopped on the plane unmasked on Saturday. Of the 5, I was the only one wearing a mask. Perhaps 5% of the others on the plane were wearing masks.

My employee (traveling on a plane the same day, but not with me) got COVID for the second time. My brother traveling in the same time frame was exposed in the airport, and came home with COVID.

All of the group I was with were vaccinated (it was a prerequisite to participation, verified with documentation provided at the time of registration). Most of us had mild cases - but three of the 20 were pretty severe (but still short of hospitalization).

I was relatively asymptomatic (a scratchy throat for a day just after my last day of diving - not uncommon after that many hours of breathing dry air), followed a couple of days later by a bit of coughing and congestion. I am still testing positive, though, 9 days after my scratchy throat.

I'll test again before joinng the family for an outdoor party tomorrow. But the last test was positive as soon as the reagent crossed the "C" line. My brother was positive for 14 days. So I can believe that this variant's superpowers are infection (and reinfection) if that much of the virus remains in the nasal passages long after symptoms are gone.

[oldsoftie]

61. Shit's here to stay. China proved that "zero covid" isn't possible.

We just have to learn to live and deal with it. That means different actions for different people. And hopefully future variants will be weaker. We'll also probably end up with more effective vaccines coming soon. I'm done with "boosting" until the new version come out and are shown safe. My wife & I both have had it; probably around January. Only way we knew was my blood donation shown the Reactive+ antibody. So I told my wife to get checked when she had her physical. Shed had the antibodies too. Neither of us ever knew we had it. I credit the vaccines for that.
And yet I STILL to this day have friends who refuse to get one.

[LittleGirl]

62. I was positive on the first day of summer

I’m testing negative again but I can’t hear. My ears are blocked which happens every time I get the flu. I can smell and taste.

My niece lives in LA this summer for her internship and she was positive last week too.

I live in Europe so I’ve been lucky that it took this long for me to get it. Hubby did not. He masked up, ate in another room, slept in the guest room and managed to not get it.

I miss hearing the birds.

[imavoter]

68. I'm in Texas, but traveled and just recovering from my first known infection

I'm triple vaxed and took Paxlovid to reverse symptoms.
I'd been careful, but let my guard down and boom.

I was pretty sick. I don't reccomend it.
I'll likely personally go back to March 2020 standards.
I work from home, and can have most things delivered.

Not interested in another infection, especially with these
newest variants skirting immunity.

[OneCrazyDiamond]

73. Is there any word on new vaccines for this?

They should have a new tayored vaccine for these tougher variants. Maderna and Pfizer have the tools to rapidly adjust to them. We shouldn't just let this rage.

[llashram]

76. it ain't over yet

by any stretch of the imagination... I wear my mask religiously. I get looks but my eyes shoot them the middle finger, both hands.