Fannie Lou Hamer: Civil Rights Hero, Voting Rights; 1964 DNC Convention, Miss. Freedom Dem. Party
Last edited Fri Jul 2, 2021, 01:22 AM - Edit history (1)
- Fannie Lou Hamer, 1917-1977, Edited By Debra Michals, Ph.D., 2017, Women's National History Museum.
Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer rose from humble beginnings in the Mississippi Delta to become one of the most important, passionate, and powerful voices of the civil and voting rights movements and a leader in the efforts for greater economic opportunities for African Americans. Hamer was born on October 6, 1917 in Montgomery County, Miss., the 20th and last child of sharecroppers Lou Ella and James Townsend. She grew up in poverty, and at age six Hamer joined her family picking cotton. By age 12, she left school to work.
In 1944, she married Perry Hamer and the couple toiled on the Mississippi plantation owned by B.D. Marlowe until 1962. Because Hamer was the only worker who could read and write, she also served as plantation timekeeper. In 1961, Hamer received a hysterectomy by a white doctor without her consent while undergoing surgery to remove a uterine tumor. Such forced sterilization of Black women, as a way to reduce the Black population, was so widespread it was dubbed a “Mississippi appendectomy.” Unable to have children of their own, the Hamers adopted two daughters.
That summer, Hamer attended a meeting led by civil rights activists James Forman of the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and James Bevel of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Hamer was incensed by efforts to deny Blacks the right to vote. She became a SNCC organizer and on Aug. 31, 1962 led 17 volunteers to register to vote at the Indianola, Miss. Courthouse. Denied the right to vote due to an unfair literacy test, the group was harassed on their way home, when police stopped their bus and fined them $100 for the trumped-up charge that the bus was too yellow. That night, Marlow fired Hamer for her attempt to vote; her husband was required to stay until the harvest. Marlow confiscated much of their property. The Hamers moved to Ruleville, Mississippi in Sunflower Co. with very little.
In June 1963, after successfully completing a voter registration program in Charleston, S.C., Hamer and several other Black women were arrested for sitting in a “whites-only” bus station restaurant in Winona, Miss. At the Winona jailhouse, she and several of the women were brutally beaten, leaving Hamer with lifelong injuries from a blood clot in her eye, kidney damage, and leg damage. In 1964, Hamer’s national reputation soared as she co-founded the Miss. Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), which challenged the local Democratic Party’s efforts to block Black participation. Hamer and other MFDP members went to the DNC that year, arguing to be recognized as the official delegation. When Hamer spoke before the Credentials Committee, calling for mandatory integrated state delegations, President Lyndon Johnson held a televised press conference so she would not get any television airtime. But her speech, with its poignant descriptions of racial prejudice in the South, was televised later.
By 1968, Hamer’s vision for racial parity in delegations had become a reality and Hamer was a member of Mississippi’s first integrated delegation.
In 1964 Hamer helped organize Freedom Summer, which brought hundreds of college students, Black and white, to help with African American voter registration in the segregated South...
https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/fannie-lou-hamer
- Mrs. Fannie Lou Hamer, a trailblazing daughter of Mississippi and hero, made history at the 1964 DNC convention in Atlantic City, NJ. She gave an unprecedented speech on behalf of the Miss. Democratic Freedom Party (MDFP). The state's white Democratic leaders had long banned Black Mississippians from participating in the state party.
In 1963, civil rights activists and Freedom Summer volunteers organized a “freedom registration” eventually forming the MFDP. The MFDP sent their own delegates for the convention to challenge the so-called “regular” state party. The 68-person MFDP delegation included many local Black activists, including Fannie Lou. They demanded to be seated, heard, and seen. In her address at the convention, Fannie Lou described the violent barriers Black Americans faced when trying to vote. She declared, with tears streaming down her face, “I am sick and tired of being sick and tired.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer
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