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NNadir

(33,541 posts)
Thu Dec 23, 2021, 10:42 PM Dec 2021

My son just dropped a cool paper on me.

It's this one: Carolyn E. Schaefer, Kunal Kupwade-Patil, Michael Ortega, Carmen Soriano, Oral Büyüköztürk, Anne E. White, Michael P. Short, Irradiated recycled plastic as a concrete additive for improved chemo-mechanical properties and lower carbon footprint, Waste Management, Volume 71, 2018, Pages 426-439.

Over the years, I've sent my son papers I thought cool. As he surveys the faculties at the graduate schools to which he's applied, he's reading their papers and came across this one.

Now he's sending me papers. I am thrilled to have lived to this day.

About what's in the paper:

For the record, even though most of us think plastic is recycled, very little of it actually is. Significantly better than 80% ends up in landfills.

Ideally, plastic represents an opportunity to sequester carbon, if and only if, the carbon for it is captured from air, possibly via the intermediacy of seawater. The route for the conversion of CO2 to plastic is the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to give methanol, followed by chemistry known as "MTO," Methanol to olefins. Olefins, properly known as alkenes, are the monomeric precursors to many plastics.

Plastic is only sustainable in a closed cycle. In an open cycle it is extremely dangerous, as we are realizing, too late actually, under current conditions.

In this paper, the authors propose irradiating waste plastic with gamma radiation obtained from used nuclear fuels in order to harden it for use as a concrete reinforcing agent.

It's a pretty cool paper. Plastic so treated would reduce the carbon input of concrete (which is rather huge) while permanently sequestering carbon in structures.

I wish you happy holidays.

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NNadir

(33,541 posts)
2. The only case of which I'm personally aware is in sterilization. I once was involved...
Fri Dec 24, 2021, 04:26 AM
Dec 2021

...in a project where a company was interested in seeing if vials of water for injection, sterilized with Co-60 exhibited extractable and leachable degradants.

I have often discussed with my son and others, continuous flow systems under supercritical conditions designed to degrade microplastic pollution, but to my knowledge, no one is doing it...yet.

Igel

(35,350 posts)
3. Argh!
Sat Dec 25, 2021, 10:00 PM
Dec 2021

Yes, "Argh!"

I can't see the paper. How does high-energy radiation "harden" plastic?

Increase cross-linkages?

When already embedded in concrete create bonds between the plastic and the minerals in the concrete?

Yada-yada explain "the mechanisms for strength retention when using irradiated plastic as a filler for cement paste." Okay, so, then, explain. (Or not and watch me write, "Argh!".)

But this is compressive strength. Anything in the footnotes about shear? Tension?

Hoped to learn something. Go away pondering German separable verbs, which is never (ever) a good thing.

On edit: In case you think this is anything but tongue-in-cheek real annoyance--okay, I'm annoyed, but I really was hoping that it would tell me something instead of clobber me with a firewall--I usually really like your posts. Even the ones that go over my humble HS science teacher's head.

NNadir

(33,541 posts)
4. I regret that the access to the scientific literature that I am privileged to have is not more...
Sun Dec 26, 2021, 03:15 AM
Dec 2021

...generally available.

Covid has made access even more difficult, since many academic libraries have greatly restricted public access.

Fortunately for me I'm managing with some limitations compared to what I enjoyed previously.

Over the years here at DU I have worked to comment on papers my broad access allowed, often writing in some detail, sometimes with more success than other times. For me it's been mostly an exercise in teaching myself things, often with the supplementary goal of confronting some unfortunate ideas prevalent on our side of the political spectrum that border on dogma.

The greatest threat to the future, to my mind, is climate change, and while we say it is important to us, my feeling is that we really don't get it on the left as well as many of us seem to think.

In this process of researching posts intended for here, as well as far more extensive reading well beyond what I cover here, I have developed some very different perspectives with which I expected to die. These ideas are frankly, way "out of the box" and I am unashamed to say so.

Recently my son chose - I swear I had nothing to do with it - to pursue his Ph.D. in nuclear engineering. (He is a Master's level materials science engineer.) He has told me that some of the ideas I've shared with him strike him as worth saving, and so I am stepping back a bit from the elaborate posts I write here to write elaborate notes for him. I owe this to him, and perhaps, in the case I am right, not to be overly arrogant, to the world, through him. I cannot leave him with a lot of money, but I can leave him ideas.

Some of the posts I've written here have taken an enormous amount of time to compose. Again the idea was to teach myself, but now I am running out of time on the planet. I really feel my mortality now. I now need to spend this time sharing ideas with my son. He's filling me with questions, excellent questions, asking for leads, and understanding that his old man actually knows something worth knowing, while bringing his advanced insight to materials science to bear on questions I have asked myself but have been unable to answer.

I wish I could discuss the details of this interesting line of research to which I referred in the opening post here as I did in the old days; there is much that may be addressed in the problem of plastics, and in the problem of closed carbon cycles through radiation.

However I can't. There isn't time.

To briefly answer your questions:

The goal sought here is to reduce the carbon impact of concrete by displacing volume and mass. You are correct that the mechanism is crosslinking. Compressive strength was evaluated with ASTM method c39 and it was found that irradiation of plastic at 10 kGy and 100 kGy increased the compressive strength relative to concrete containing unirradiated plastic as a filler. The improvement at 100 kGy was on the order of less than 10 MPa improvement in compressive strength relative to untreated plastic filler.

There is less strength than various formulations lacking plastic at all, but again, the carbon impact of the concrete is much lower, so the advantage is not necessarily in strength but rather in sustainability.

Concrete production is a major contributor to climate change, which is another reason low energy to mass ratios in energy systems are not sustainable.

The concrete prepared for this paper has been studied with a very advanced technique, X-Ray Microtomography, using the advanced photon source at Argonne National laboratory. The strength increases relate to reduced porosity.

I hope this helps.

Don't disparage what you do. It seems to me that a high school science teacher has one of the most critical jobs in the world.

I wish you a happy holiday season and a rewarding New Year.

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