"Aiding and Abetting"

[Voltaire2]

10. " levies war " and "adheres to their enemies"

has always meant exactly what it says. But please find an alternative legal interpretation of the federal treason statute that has ever been applied.

Here is Justice Marshall making this very clear in 1807:

"To constitute that specific crime for which the prisoners now before the Court have been commuted, war must be actually levied against the United States. However flagitious may be the crime of conspiring to subvert by force the Government of our country, such conspiracy is not treason."