General Discussion
In reply to the discussion: So many posts trying to plant the notion that impeachment is hopeless, meaningless, ill-advised. [View all]FreepFryer
(7,086 posts)The plain language of section 4 seems to require removal from office upon conviction, and in fact the Senate has removed those persons whom it has convicted. In the 1936 trial of Judge Ritter, the Senate determined that removal is automatic upon conviction, and does not require a separate vote.854 This practice has continued. Because conviction requires a two-thirds vote, this means that removal can occur only as a result of a two-thirds vote.
Unlike removal, disqualification from office is a discretionary judgment, and there is no explicit constitutional linkage to the two-thirds vote on conviction. Although an argument can be made that disqualification should nonetheless require a two-thirds vote,855 the Senate has determined that disqualification may be accomplished by a simple majority vote.856
853 See discussion supra of the differences between English and American impeachment.
854 3 Deschlersprecedents Of The United States House Of Representatives ch. 14, § 13.9.
855 See Michael J. Gerhardt, The Federal Impeachment Process: A Constitutional And Historical Analysis 7779 (2d ed. 2000).
856 The Senate imposed disqualification twice, on Judges Humphreys and Archbald. In the Humphreys trial the Senate determined that the issues of removal and disqualification are divisible, 3 Hinds Precedents Of The House Of Representatives § 2397 (1907), and in the Archbald trial the Senate imposed judgment of disqualification by vote of 39 to 35. 6 Cannonsprecedents Of The House Of Representatives § 512 (1936). During the 1936 trial of Judge Ritter, a parliamentary inquiry as to whether a two-thirds vote or a simple majority vote is required for disqualification was answered by reference to the simple majority vote in the Archbald trial. 3 Deschlersprecedents ch. 14, § 13.10. The Senate then rejected disqualification of Judge Ritter by vote of 760. 80 Cong. Rec. 5607 (1936).
https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/article-2/49-judgment-removal-and-disqualification.html