The only thing a censure does is an expression of disapproval.

[frazzled]

3. Not necessarily

If banning him from future office is the most tangible result from conviction, isn’t there another way to do that?

Possibly, but it’s a long shot and has never been used.

Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, which was passed after the Civil War, says a person cannot hold office if they’ve engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States, unless two-thirds of both chambers of Congress vote to allow it. The provision was used after the Civil War to keep Confederates out of Congress.

If Congress censures the president, or if the House impeaches him for inciting insurrection, that might be used as a legal basis for suing to block Trump from running in the 2024 election, though it’s a long shot legally.

https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-01-11/an-impeachment-like-no-other-answers-to-your-questions

He’s not going to run in 2024 anyway, so it’s really a moot question