How the golliwog went from innocent children's hero to symbol of bitter controversy
First popularised during World War II, it was uttered by some British soldiers as a slur against North Africans and other dark foreigners, and its meaning spread to include anybody with even slightly swarthy skin.
The origin of 'wog' is hotly disputed - acronyms such as Wily Oriental Gentleman are suggested derivations, but more likely is that it was adapted from the already well-known golliwog.
However, a few years ago, a study by academics at the Bolton Institute supported the view that 'wog' had a separate derivation and that 'the golliwog, it seems, was not in origin a racist icon'.
By the 1960s, both the use of the term 'golliwog' and the dolls themselves were under increasing attack. Seen at best as racially insensitive and at worst as racist and vicious, golliwogs were gradually removed from public life.
In 1983, the Greater London Council banned Robertson's products from its jurisdiction, and in 1988 the character was no longer use in TV advertising.
The Enid Blyton books' negative use of the character was toned down and, after holding out for many years, even Robertson's Jam was forced to jettison Golly in 2002, a decision that was obviously taken with the greatest reluctance.
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