
They are "Wasp Class" carriers based on the WWII carrier USS Wasp. Up until 80s or 90s, These assault carriers were converted WWII carriers.
From wiki
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(LHD-6)
USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6) was a Wasp-class amphibious assault ship of the United States Navy commissioned on 15 August 1998. Like the previous five Wasp-class ships, Bonhomme Richard was designed to embark, deploy and land elements of a Marine landing force in amphibious assault operations by helicopter, landing craft and amphibious vehicle, and if needed, to act as a light aircraft carrier.
Complement: 1,108
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibious_assault_ship
History
World War II
Akitsu Maru of the Imperial Japanese Army
In the Pacific theatre of World War II, escort carriers would often escort the landing ships and troop carriers during the island-hopping campaign. In this role, they would provide air cover for the troopships as well as fly the first wave of attacks on the beach fortifications in amphibious landing operations. On occasion, they would even escort the large carriers, serving as emergency airstrips and providing fighter cover for their larger sisters while these were busy readying or refuelling their own planes. They would also transport aircraft and spare parts from the US to the remote island airstrips.
Most early amphibious assault ships were converted from small aircraft carriers. As well as the two Colossus-class light aircraft carriers converted for use in the Suez War, the Royal Navy converted the Centaur-class carriers Albion and Bulwark into "commando carriers" during the 1950s.[9] Their sister ship HMS Hermes was also converted to a commando carrier in the early 1970s, but was restored to aircraft carrier operations before the end of the 1970s.
In the early 1950s the United States Navy and Marine Corps tested the concept of airborne amphibious operations from aircraft carriers. In 1955 the Casablanca-class escort carrier USS Thetis Bay was converted to an assault helicopter carrier (CVHA-1), ultimately re-designated LPH-6 in 1959.[10] Thetis Bay did not fully meet the Marine Corps requirements so three Essex-class aircraft carriers; Boxer, Princeton, and Valley Forge, which had greater aircraft capacity, longer range, and higher speed were converted to helicopter carriers as LPH-4, LPH-5, and LPH-8 between 1959 and 1961. They are sometimes referred to as the Boxer-class after the lead ship in the series.[11] These provided a valuable interim during the construction from 1959 to 1970 of the full complement of seven new Iwo Jima-class ships designed specifically for the landing platform helicopter role.
An AV-8 Harrier and MH-53 aboard USS Nassau
Later amphibious assault craft were constructed for the role. The United States Navy constructed the Tarawa-class of five landing helicopter assault ships, which began to enter service from the late 1970s, and the Wasp-class of eight landing helicopter dock ships, the first of which was commissioned in 1989. The United States Navy is also designing a new class of assault ships: the first America-class ship entered service in October 2014.[12]