Santorum's residency has been controversial, with critics noting that Santorum had made the residency of his opponent a major campaign issue when he first ran for Congress in 1990.
In 1997, Santorum purchased a three bedroom house in the Pittsburgh suburb of Penn Hills. In 2001, he bought $640,000 house in Leesburg, Virginia,[115] but sold it in 2007 for $850,000,[160] and purchased a $2 million home in Great Falls.[161]
In November 2004, the Penn Hills School District, which was paying 80% of the tuition costs associated with the Santorum's five older children attending the Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School, asked Santorum to repay $67,000 in tuition costs as the district believed that he and his family were spending most of the year in Virginia and did not meet the qualifications for residency status.[162] Santorum disputed the assessment and withdrew his children from the cyber education program.[163] On July 8, 2005, a Pennsylvania state hearing officer dismissed the complaint as not being filed in a timely manner. The school district sought reimbursement from the state and in September 2006, the Pennsylvania Department of Education agreed to pay the district $55,000 to settle the dispute.[164] In September 2006, Santorum asked county officials to remove the homestead tax exemption from his Penn Hills property.[165] Since 2006, Santorum has been home-schooling his seven children.[166][167]
Santorum responded to the dispute saying that school children should not be part of the "politics of personal destruction".[168] One of his children appeared in a 2006 re-election campaign ad saying, "My dad's opponents have criticized him for moving us to Washington so we could be with him more."[169]