General Discussion
In reply to the discussion: Could "The Anti-Christ" possibly be all those sociopaths in high positions in corporations & gov't? [View all]Deep13
(39,157 posts)First, an agrarian society is simply not capable of producing the kind of wealth that present day super rich now enjoy. Second, strong monarchs did not really exist in Europe until the 13th c. (except maybe for Charlemagne). Before that they were simply first among many nobles. Loyalty and power existed on a personal level, not an institutional level. One did not obey the king simply because he was king, but because he is one's sister's husband's brother. Even the relationship between nobles and commoners was give and take. While peasants slept on straw in drafty cottages, nobles slept on straw in drafty castles. While peasants were illiterate with myth dominating their thinking, nobles were illiterate with myth dominating their thinking. The Papacy as the power center of Latin Christianity did not really exist until the 12th c. Before then he was one bishop among many, with perhaps an added level of respect for being successor to St. Peter. The Popes rose in power as a result in part of their collaboration in the reformed monastery movement. Noble gave gifts of land, persons, and later, money to monasteries in order to help save their souls. Nobles know full well that a noble life was not a Christian life and that without monastic intervention, they were all going to hell. Churchmen and especially monks were often poor personally even if they belonged to rich institutions.
The image of the decadent king carousing with the decadent bishop is mostly from early modern times when enough wealth existed in Europe to corrupt someone.
What I am trying to say is that the popular impression of the Middle Ages as a backward, oppressive, superstitious, intolerant, poverty and plague-ridden time is simply false. That image is the result of modern people projecting their own sins backward in time. Also, it is the result of Marxism which sees everything in terms of class struggle regardless of how anachronistic it is.
Suggested reading on this subject:
Furta Sacre and Phantoms of Remembrance, Patrick Geary
Every Valley Shall Be Exhalted; Sword, Miter, and Cloister; and Strong of Body, Brave and Noble, Constance B. Bouchard
Fiefs and Vassals, Susan Reynolds
Emotional Communities; Negotiated Spaces; and Rhinoceros Bound; Barbara Rosenwein
Ennobling Love, Stephen Jaeger
The Duby militaristic, top down "feudal" model of the Middle Ages is dead letter.
I'm not an expert on classical civilization, but I suspect one would find that modern, commercial perspectives would not control social norms there either.