General Discussion
In reply to the discussion: Euro Maidan 2014: The Ruptured Rebellion of Incoherent Revolution [View all]Igel
(37,591 posts)Because that's how it often goes.
When I started grad school I had the offer of a $12k loan. That was it.
Minimal living expenses and school-related fees amounted to something like $11900 for the first year. Normative time to degree was 6 years.
But I knew that my dept. would eventually negotiate for an offer, and that I could re-open negotiations annually for a renewal of the loan offer. Moreover, the university had an emergency loan pool for unexpected circumstances. Nothing was guaranteed. Nothing was set in stone. These weren't prescribed norms; these were statistical norms based on past non-prescribed behavior.
Making the entire situation dicey was the budget crunch in the state at the time. Coupled with the expectation that I become an in-state resident for tuition purposes, even as the university, because of the budget crunch, was reformulating its requirements for declaring a student "in-state."
I trusted the university. My ability to meet the requirements for dept. aid. My ability to make my way through the morass of requirements for being declared in-state.
The following fall less than a week before the start of classes I had my new student loan amount set, my dept. gave me some funding, and the total was less than the amount I'd need for the year. I deposited my "request for reclassification as an in-state student" in the proper box with documentation. Then, to minimize the student loan debt I deposited my application for a job in the right places, fairly sure I'd be getting at least one of those. And I did this because I had enough trust in the people I had been dealing with--in my department, in the finance office, in the registrar's office, in the various other offices seeking part-time help. By the first day of school I had a part-time job that let me decline the student loans and come out ahead, my tuition was in-state, and instead of barely meeting my needs with loans and dept. funding I would have a little breathing room through having a part-time job and dept. funding. Trust can be a good thing.
Ukraine negotiated a $1 billion stipend, so to speak. The assumption by many was that was it. Past norms didn't apply. That was all there'd be. More was needed, but nobody on that side of the wall could be trusted. They were the enemy from days of yore. They were Those Who Could Not Be Trusted, in league with Lord Wally-Mort and the Western oilgarchs.
The distrust of "fascists," esp. those common European fascists like the people in Britain and esp. Germany, and of Westerners in general isn't a new trait in the East and its one of the biggest problems in Ukraine. Some of the stereotyping is rooted in fact; some is rooted in archetypes that surpass any reasoned factual basis. That kind of thinking is subject to a lot of manipulation because it is only barely rooted in fact. It's mostly rooted in distrust.
There was some recent research showing that higher education levels correlate to higher levels of social trust. Close interactions contribute to higher social trust, as well--this is very old research. And post-Soviet research showed that in the breakup of the USSR the single most important factor in interethnic tolerance and cooperation wasn't social interaction or education, but shared interpretation of historical events: If one side was oppressor and the other side oppressed, as long as they agreed on the interpretation of history it was copacetic. This had to be reciprocated, however. If it was agreed that the Astrakhan khanate had been a bad thing for Russians and Russians insisted that Terrible Ivan and Stalin had been good, with no repression of Muslims, then the entire endeavor would crash with tensions higher afterwards than before. Both had to share the interpretation of historical events, whether large scale or smaller scale, how apts. were allotted by the gorkom. (Gotta love those clip-blends. They're the bane of my Ukrainian-for-reading. Got used to "obkom", now "oblrada".)
Yanukovich was all about money, it would appear; appearances can be deceiving unless you think everything in life is just about money. The bigger Nukky's stipend the more he could pocket and share with his son and fellow pols. Like any mobster--take Goblin, for instance, down in Sevastopol'--he trusted some implicitly and viewed others as inherently untrustworthy. Anything that looks promising must be a trap. Any money not sitting on the table you can be sure won't ever be on the table. The basis of his trust was partly ethnicity--you have a greater basis for trust, education and interactions aside, because he shared common interpretations of history with Putin.