General Discussion
In reply to the discussion: New poll proves that Stupid won the war for American minds. [View all]Xyzse
(8,217 posts)Evolution, I am extremely confident on that.
On the age of the Earth as well as the age of the Universe... I am moderately confident in those.
My reasoning:
There has been recent publication in regards to life starting up much earlier than expected in Earth, given new evidence. So, considering that, it is possible that Earth could have been around longer that first mentioned. In fact, I posit that it is much older than the given age. I have no idea how long it has been a rock hurtling around space before it got trapped in to orbit with the Sun. Still, they may be right to basically base the age of the Earth through their readings and comparing it with the age of our Solar System. They are basing their time frame through oldest known terrestrial objects, so at the moment, I am moderately confident on the age of the Earth being 4.54 Billion years old, but am willing to be proven otherwise with new data showing that it is even older.
That, is the same way I feel about the age of the Universe. They mention 13.8 Billion years, which I again, am moderately confident about, till I am provided new data suggesting otherwise. I also have to consider that, that age, is when the Universe began its expansion or when the Big Bang happened. Which is completely different from when the universe was actually around. I have no idea what catalyst could have started the expansion/Big Bang, and thinking about what was there before is beyond me, and I can't even begin to think up of a method of figuring out what was there and the measurements that would be required to start.
So, I'll mention where I stand in this thing:

Smoking Causes Cancer - Somewhat Confident
A mental illness is a medical condition that affects the brain - Extremely Confident. Well of course it is. Heck, a spike on the brain can also be construed as a medical condition.
Inside our cells is a complex genetic code that determines who we are - Extremely Confident. Even if there is a ton of DNA within us that is not in keeping with who we are. We are a collection of various bacteria, operating in concert in a symbiotic relationship. I mean, even the bacteria in our stomachs affect our mental condition.
Overusing antibiotics causes the development of drug resistant bacteria - Extremely Confident. It also kills off helpful bacteria living within us.
The Universe is so complex there must be a supreme being guiding its creation - Not at all Confident. Thinking that it is so is lazy, and stops progress of thought. Saying that there is a supreme being and leaving at that, would basically stop individuals from trying to learn beyond that, which is DUMB. Besides, there can't be just one supreme being, there must be a Pantheon of them, at least a semi autonomous organization.
Childhood vaccines are safe and effective - Somewhat confident. I think they are mostly safe and effective. However, I've felt awful after some vaccines, so in general, I think they are effective and moderately safe. I'd trust to get them, but I wouldn't be surprised if some of them were harmful.
The average temperature of the Earth is rising - Extremely confident.
Life on Earth including Human Beings evolved through a process of natural selection - Extremely confident.
Earth is 4.5 Billion years old - Somewhat confident
Universe began with a Big Bang 13.8 Billion years ago - Somewhat confident. In truth, there are other theories out there. Big Bang is the most widely known. There is also the Incredible Bulk, Time's Arrow, The Nows.
http://discovermagazine.com/2008/apr/25-3-theories-that-might-blow-up-the-big-bang
There are some ideas that date the Universe to being Trillions of years old. So, yeah... I am moderately confident about that.