A Woman’s Lifetime Earnings Lost To Pay Gap Could Feed A Family Of Four For 37 Years

[iverglas]

23. I'm sure you have an answer, and a source

http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/determinants/index-eng.php#key_determinants

Determinants of Health
... Key Determinants
<click each at the page to see premises and evidence; I reproduce some salient points below>

Income and Social Status

Only 47% of Canadians in the lowest income bracket rate their health as very good or excellent, compared with 73% of Canadians in the highest income group.
Low-income Canadians are more likely to die earlier and to suffer more illnesses than Canadians with higher incomes, regardless of age, sex, race and place of residence.
At each rung up the income ladder, Canadians have less sickness, longer life expectancies and improved health.
Studies suggest that the distribution of income in a given society may be a more important determinant of health than the total amount of income earned by society members. Large gaps in income distribution lead to increases in social problems and poorer health among the population as a whole.

Social Support Networks

Education and Literacy

Employment/Working Conditions

Employment has a significant effect on a person's physical, mental and social health. Paid work provides not only money, but also a sense of identity and purpose, social contacts and opportunities for personal growth. When a person loses these benefits, the results can be devastating to both the health of the individual and his or her family. Unemployed people have a reduced life expectancy and suffer significantly more health problems than people who have a job.
... Participation in the wage economy, however, is only part of the picture. Many Canadians (especially women) spend almost as many hours engaged in unpaid work, such as doing housework and caring for children or older relatives. When these two workloads are combined on an ongoing basis and little or no support is offered, an individual's level of stress and job satisfaction is bound to suffer. Between 1991 and 1995, the proportion of Canadian workers who were "very satisfied" with their work declined, and was more pronounced among female workers, dropping from 58% to 49%. Reported levels of work stress followed the same pattern. In the 1996­97 NPHS, more women reported high work stress levels than men in every age category. Women aged 20 to 24 were almost three times as likely to report high work stress than the average Canadian worker.

Social Environments

Family violence has a devastating effect on the health of women and children in both the short and long term. In 1996, family members were accused in 24% of all assaults against children; among very young children, the proportion was much higher.
Women who are assaulted often suffer severe physical and psychological health problems; some are even killed. In 1997, 80% of victims of spousal homicide were women, and another 19 women were killed by a boyfriend or ex-boyfriend.

Physical Environments

Personal Health Practices and Coping Skills

Healthy Child Development

Biology and Genetic Endowment

Health Services

Gender

Men are more likely to die prematurely than women, largely as a result of heart disease, fatal unintentional injuries, cancer and suicide. Rates of potential years of life lost before age 70 are almost twice as high for men than women and approximately three times as high among men aged 20 to 34.
While women live longer than men, they are more likely to suffer depression, stress overload (often due to efforts to balance work and family life), chronic conditions such as arthritis and allergies, and injuries and death resulting from family violence.
While overall cancer death rates for men have declined, they have remained persistently stubborn among women, mainly due to increases in lung cancer mortality. Teenage girls are now more likely than adolescent boys to smoke. If increased rates of smoking among young women are not reversed, lung cancer rates among women will continue to climb.
See also articles on Rural, remote and northern women - where you live matters to your health and How being Black and female affects your health

Culture

Women, on average, have lower incomes and social status; suffer the stress associated with the double workload of women with families; are at hugely higher risk of injury and death at the hands of intimate partners; suffer more negative health effects from minority status.

Some of these are obviously associated with employment. Women may not work at "dangerous" jobs at the same rate as men do, but working (or being excluded from working by factors associated with sex) is dangerous to women's health in a number of ways.

If this is a competition ...



(edited; misplaced one of the information excerpts)