Gaza death toll may be 41% higher than official figures, study finds

[muriel_volestrangler]

7. Hamas membership cannot be captured in a medical analysis, but we have an idea about question 2

The annualised crude death rate was 39·3 per 1000 people (95% CI 35·7–49·4), representing a rate ratio of 14·0 (95% CI 12·8–17·6) compared with all-cause mortality in 2022, even when ignoring non-injury excess mortality.

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)02678-3/fulltext

So expected natural cause deaths were on the order of a fourteenth (there may have been more deaths from "natural causes" due to increased malnutrition, lack of needed medicines and so on).