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In reply to the discussion: FDA Quietly Pushes Through Genetically Modified Salmon over Christmas Break [View all]NickB79
(20,338 posts)64. I'd suggest you take a basic college biology class
And ask the professor to explain the term "horizontal/lateral gene transfer".
For example: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer#Eukaryotes
"Sequence comparisons suggest recent horizontal transfer of many genes among diverse species including across the boundaries of phylogenetic "domains". Thus determining the phylogenetic history of a species can not be done conclusively by determining evolutionary trees for single genes".[32]
Analysis of DNA sequences suggests that horizontal gene transfer has also occurred within eukaryotes from the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to the nuclear genome. As stated in the endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts and mitochondria probably originated as bacterial endosymbionts of a progenitor to the eukaryotic cell.[33]
Horizontal transfer of genes from bacteria to some fungi, especially the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been well documented.[34]
There is also recent evidence that the adzuki bean beetle has somehow acquired genetic material from its (non-beneficial) endosymbiont Wolbachia.[35] New examples have recently been reported demonstrating that Wolbachia bacteria represent an important potential source of genetic material in arthropods and filarial nematodes.[36]
There is also evidence for horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes to parasites of the Rafflesiaceae plant family from their hosts (also plants),[37][38] from chloroplasts of a not-yet-identified plant to the mitochondria of the bean Phaseolus,[39] and from a heterokont alga to its predator, the sea slug Elysia chlorotica.[40]
Striga hermonthica, a eudicot, has undergone a horizontal gene transfer from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to its nuclear genome.[41] The gene is of unknown functionality.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have found that the genome of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) contains multiple genes that were horizontally transferred from fungi.[42][43] Plants, fungi, and microorganisms can synthesize carotenoids, but torulene made by pea aphids is the only carotenoid known to be synthesized by an organism in the animal kingdom.[42]
It was recently suggested that the malaria causing pathogen Plasmodium vivax has horizontally acquired from humans genetic material that might help facilitate its long stay in the body.[44]
A 2012 paper proposes a novel bacteriophage-mediated mechanism of horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The authors show the widespread presence of nuclear localization signals in bacteriophage terminal proteins (TP), which prime DNA replication and become covalently linked to the viral genome. Taking into account the known role of virus and bacteriophages in HGT in bacteria, the authors propose that TP-containing genomes could be a vehicle of inter-kingdom genetic information transference all throughout evolution.[45]
Analysis of DNA sequences suggests that horizontal gene transfer has also occurred within eukaryotes from the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes to the nuclear genome. As stated in the endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts and mitochondria probably originated as bacterial endosymbionts of a progenitor to the eukaryotic cell.[33]
Horizontal transfer of genes from bacteria to some fungi, especially the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been well documented.[34]
There is also recent evidence that the adzuki bean beetle has somehow acquired genetic material from its (non-beneficial) endosymbiont Wolbachia.[35] New examples have recently been reported demonstrating that Wolbachia bacteria represent an important potential source of genetic material in arthropods and filarial nematodes.[36]
There is also evidence for horizontal transfer of mitochondrial genes to parasites of the Rafflesiaceae plant family from their hosts (also plants),[37][38] from chloroplasts of a not-yet-identified plant to the mitochondria of the bean Phaseolus,[39] and from a heterokont alga to its predator, the sea slug Elysia chlorotica.[40]
Striga hermonthica, a eudicot, has undergone a horizontal gene transfer from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to its nuclear genome.[41] The gene is of unknown functionality.
Researchers at the University of Arizona have found that the genome of pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) contains multiple genes that were horizontally transferred from fungi.[42][43] Plants, fungi, and microorganisms can synthesize carotenoids, but torulene made by pea aphids is the only carotenoid known to be synthesized by an organism in the animal kingdom.[42]
It was recently suggested that the malaria causing pathogen Plasmodium vivax has horizontally acquired from humans genetic material that might help facilitate its long stay in the body.[44]
A 2012 paper proposes a novel bacteriophage-mediated mechanism of horizontal gene transfer between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The authors show the widespread presence of nuclear localization signals in bacteriophage terminal proteins (TP), which prime DNA replication and become covalently linked to the viral genome. Taking into account the known role of virus and bacteriophages in HGT in bacteria, the authors propose that TP-containing genomes could be a vehicle of inter-kingdom genetic information transference all throughout evolution.[45]
and
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100430155856.htm
"Since these bugs frequently feed on humans, it is conceivable that bugs and humans may have exchanged DNA through the mechanism we uncovered. Detecting recent transfers to humans would require examining people that have been exposed to the bugs for thousands of years, such as native South American populations," Feschotte said.
What were you saying about unnaturally breaching species boundaries?
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FDA Quietly Pushes Through Genetically Modified Salmon over Christmas Break [View all]
99th_Monkey
Dec 2012
OP
He knows and perhaps is even actively pushing it. Big $$$ you know. Integrity of the food chainr
byeya
Dec 2012
#10
Yes. There would have been sharp intakes of breath; and the arched eyebrows of censure. I might even
byeya
Dec 2012
#97
He is responsible. He has staff to keep him informed. He appointed Mr. Monsanto for a reason and
rhett o rick
Dec 2012
#18
Micheal Taylor is not the first Monsanto Lobbyist he had appointed to run a regulatory agency.
bvar22
Dec 2012
#32
The second Bush made substantial cuts in the number of inspectors and other areas.
glinda
Dec 2012
#87
yes the rule that allow pet poison to remain on store shelves, is because of lobbyist control
Sunlei
Dec 2012
#90
they think they are god, and have an irresistible urge to keep doing the things that make money
Voice for Peace
Dec 2012
#6
all this sounds like a stilted selection of talking points from a carefully prepared ad campaign
Alamuti Lotus
Dec 2012
#106
Intentionally adding genetic material from another organism is not selective breeding as it's been
byeya
Dec 2012
#98
Not so much throwing it out a window as much as simple concern with unintended consequences...
LanternWaste
Dec 2012
#95
"useful analogy and indication" - famous last words...along the lines of "too cheap to meter" with
byeya
Dec 2012
#99
I'm sure there are agricultural techniques that are less harmful than others...
reACTIONary
Dec 2012
#104
One of these days they'll push one too many times and the people will push back in the
bloomington-lib
Dec 2012
#3
cynicism basically. If they can do it in other cases, they can do it in this one.
bloomington-lib
Dec 2012
#50
It's just a salmon. It just reaches full size sooner. Its no big deal. (nt)
reACTIONary
Dec 2012
#67
Don't forget that in addition to Taylor, Monsanto have an ally in Clarence Thomas, SCOTUS judge
Fire Walk With Me
Dec 2012
#81