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(1,388 posts)Adolf Hitler met with the Czechoslovak President Emil Hácha in the early hours of March 15, 1939, in Berlin. During the meeting, Hitler threatened a devastating bombing of Prague, the Czech capital, unless Hácha agreed to the immediate German occupation of the rest of Czechoslovakia.
The Meeting in Berlin (March 15, 1939)
Context: After the Munich Agreement of September 1938, in which Britain and France ceded the Sudetenland border regions to Germany, Czechoslovakia was left militarily and economically vulnerable. Hitler, ignoring his promises, intended to occupy the remainder of the country.
The Meeting: Hácha, who had succeeded Edvard Bene as president, traveled to Berlin on March 14, 1939, to negotiate with Hitler, hoping to preserve his nation's independence. He was kept waiting for hours and finally met with Hitler and other Nazi officials (including Hermann Göring and Joachim von Ribbentrop) at 1:15 a.m. on March 15.
Coercion and Threats: Hitler informed Hácha that German troops were already ordered to march into Czechoslovakia at 6:00 a.m. and that any resistance would be "broken with physical force". Göring explicitly threatened to completely destroy Prague from the air.
Hácha's Collapse: Faced with this intense pressure and the dreadful ultimatum, the elderly Hácha suffered a heart attack or fainted during the meeting. He was revived by Hitler's personal physician, Dr. Theodor Morell, with an injection to continue the negotiations.
The Agreement: At 3:55 a.m., Hácha was forced to sign a document placing the fate of the Czech people and country "in the hands of the Führer".
Aftermath: German troops entered Bohemia and Moravia that same day, encountering virtually no resistance, save for a small skirmish at Místek. Hitler made a triumphant entry into Prague by evening, proclaiming the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia on March 16, 1939.
Records and minutes of this coerced meeting were later used as evidence during the Nuremberg Trials.