Car bombs kill 20 in Turkish town near Syrian border

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16. Turkish War of Independence

The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: İstiklâl Harbi, literally meaning "Independence War" or Kurtuluş Savaşı, literally meaning "Liberation War;" May 19, 1919 – July 24, 1923) was a war waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was occupied following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I.[47][48][49]

The Turkish National Movement (Kuva-yi Milliye) in Anatolia culminated in the formation of a new Grand National Assembly (GNA) by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his colleagues. After the end of the Turkish-Armenian, Franco-Turkish, Greco-Turkish wars, the Treaty of Sèvres was abandoned and the Treaty of Lausanne was signed in July 1923. The Allies left Anatolia and Eastern Thrace and the GNAT decided the establishment of a Republic in Turkey which was declared on October 29, 1923.

With the establishment of the Turkish National Movement, the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire and the abolition of the sultanate, the Ottoman era and the Empire came to an end, and with Atatürk's reforms the Turke created a modern, secular nation-state on the political front.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_War_of_Independence