...at the time the automotive industry was widely regarded as having huge health benefits in cities owing to the fact that it alleviated the problem of horse manure accumulations.
Of course the health consequences of cars in cities are terrible today. One can see that air pollution was already a New York problem in 1911.
The Els are long gone in Manhattan now, but I'm old enough to remember when there were a lot of them, although probably I'm remembering Brooklyn, the Bronx and Queens.
(I believe there are still some in Brooklyn and maybe the Bronx, but most of my trips by subway are in Manhattan, and I only drive in Brooklyn on very rare occasions. If I recall correctly though, the #7 train out to Citi Stadium in Queens is elevated. I'm sure I've ridden that line in the distant past.)
I love New York City; I still think of it as the Greatest City in the World, although Paris is certainly up there with it, and New York, like the Presidency, is stained by association with the orange nightmare, the spawn of Hell.
Nevertheless, some of the most beautiful days in my life are associated with Manhattan, and I was just talking to my oldest son this morning at breakfast how one of my happiest memories is the day I spent with him at MOMA, at a time he was emerging from some transient psychological difficulties. It was one of the happiest days of my life, and we got to see Beckmann's triptych "Departure." An unbelievable day, and a day that can only take place in a city like New York.
Thinking of a day like that removes the pain of considering the horrible ignorant and unintelligent thing in the White House with a fellow bigot who, regrettably was once Mayor of New York.