I don't recall the trees losing their leaves like this in past storms.

[mahigan]

3. Most should be OK

I'm not familiar with your specific problem but I have lots of experience with trees losing foliage as a result of extreme weather events etc. For example, this year we had a huge tent caterpillar outbreak combined with a drought. The caterpillars stripped the trees and they came back very poorly due to the lack of rain. Most of these trees will come back next spring given decent weather and no caterpillars.

Trees store the energy required to leaf out in the trunks and healthy trees can usually manage to leaf out twice or even more if necessary. The problem arises when the trees are previously stressed due to age, injury, insects,weather and/or diseases. Those trees may not have enough stored reserves to leaf out under anything but ideal conditions and, even then, they may not make it. In my experience, I wouldn't expect losses to be more than 10% unless spring conditions are absolutely horrible. Losses should be well under that if conditions are generally favourable.

Good luck.