Oil companies sold the public on a fake climate solution -- and swindled taxpayers out of billions

[OKIsItJustMe]

16. I cited the Scientific position of the IPCC

Last edited Wed Jul 31, 2024, 12:08 PM - Edit history (4)

i.e. not my opinion..

Your quarrel is not with me, it’s with reality.

https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_TechnicalSummary.pdf

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Pathways limiting warming to 2°C (>67%) or 1.5°C (>50%) require some amount of CDR to compensate for residual GHG emissions, even alongside substantial direct emissions reductions are achieved in all sectors and regions (high confidence). CDR deployment in pathways serves multiple purposes: accelerating the pace of emissions reductions, offsetting residual emissions, and creating the option for net negative CO₂ emissions in case temperature reductions need to be achieved in the long term (high confidence). CDR options in pathways are mostly limited to BECCS, afforestation and direct air CO₂ capture and storage (DACCS). CDR through some measures in AFOLU can be maintained for decades but not over the very long term because these sinks will ultimately saturate (high confidence). {3.4}

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Box TS.10 | Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)
Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) is necessary to achieve net zero CO₂ and GHG emissions both globally and nationally, counterbalancing ‘hard-to-abate’ residual emissions. CDR is also an essential element of scenarios that limit warming to 1.5°C or below 2°C (>67%) by 2100, regardless of whether global emissions reach near zero, net zero or net negative levels. While national mitigation portfolios aiming at net zero emissions or lower will need to include some level of CDR, the choice of methods and the scale and timing of their deployment will depend on the achievement of gross emission reductions, and managing multiple sustainability and feasibility constraints, including political preferences and social acceptability.

CDR refers to anthropogenic activities removing CO₂ from the atmosphere and durably storing it in geological, terrestrial, or ocean reservoirs, or in products. It includes existing and potential anthropogenic enhancement of biological, geochemical or chemical CO₂ sinks, but excludes natural CO₂ uptake not directly caused by human activities (Annex I). Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) applied to fossil CO₂ do not count as removal technologies. CCS and CCU can only be part of CDR methods if the CO₂ is biogenic or directly captured from ambient air, and stored durably in geological reservoirs or products. {12.3}

There is a great variety of CDR methods and respective implementation options {Cross-Chapter Box 8, Figure 1 in Chapter 12}. Some of these methods (like afforestation and soil carbon sequestration) have been practiced for decades to millennia, although not necessarily with the intention to remove carbon from the atmosphere. Conversely, for methods such as DACCS and BECCS, experience is growing but still limited in scale. A categorisation of CDR methods can be based on several criteria, depending on the highlighted characteristics. In this report, the categorisation is focused on the role of CDR methods in the carbon cycle, that is on the removal process (land-based biological; ocean-based biological; geochemical; chemical) and on the time scale of storage (decades to centuries; centuries to millennia; 10,000 years or longer), the latter being closely linked to different carbon storage media. Within one category (e.g., ocean-based biological CDR) options often differ with respect to other dynamic or context-specific dimensions such as mitigation potential, cost, potential for co-benefits and adverse side effects, and technology readiness level. (Table TS.7, TS.5.6, TS. 5.7) {12.3}

It is useful to distinguish between CO₂ removal from the atmosphere as the outcome of deliberate activities implementing CDR options, and the net emissions outcome achieved with the help of CDR deployment (i.e., gross emissions minus gross removals). As part of ambitious mitigation strategies at global or national levels, gross CDR can fulfil three different roles in complementing emissions abatement: (i) lowering net CO₂ or GHG emissions in the near term; (ii) counterbalancing ‘hard-to-abate’ residual emissions such as CO₂ from industrial activities and long-distance transport, or CH₄ and nitrous oxide from agriculture, in order to help reach net zero CO₂ or GHG emissions in the mid-term; (iii) achieving net negative CO₂ or GHG emissions in the long term if deployed at levels exceeding annual residual emissions {2.7, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5}. These roles of CDR are not mutually exclusive: for example, achieving net zero CO₂ or GHG emissions globally might involve individual developed countries attaining net negative CO₂ emissions at the time of global net zero, thereby allowing developing countries a smoother transition. {Cross-Chapter Box 8, Figure 2 in Chapter 12}