I think we have to examine a great many cultural influences. Off the top of my head, I think of a few.
Girls have historically performed less well in math/science curricula.
http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2013/03/07/the-truth-about-gender-and-math/
.. one study found that the gender gap in math ability and the level of gender inequality in a society were highly correlated. That is, “…the gender gap in math, although it historically favors boys, disappears in more gender-equal societies.”
That is one area of influence where I can link to studies which may support my assertion.
Secondly, I'd like to find a study that examines the relationship between powerlessness and religiosity, but I came up with nothing after a cursory search. Still, I think that may be an area of interest as we examine gender disparities.
Also, churches figured out very early on that free child care is key in getting women to attend. So there's the whole child-rearing aspect of being female in modern society.
Those are just a few areas of interest to me. I could probably think of more if I did so intentionally.
To chalk it up to hormones, as Harris has done, or some sort of shrewishness (for lack of a more concise term) as Dawkins has done is simplistic thinking and not worthy of their intellect.
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