Religion
In reply to the discussion: What contirbution has religion given to the advancement of mankind that has come from nowhere else? [View all]tama
(9,137 posts)the anarchoprimitivist, blames ancient shamans for "The Fall" of mankind into civilization, for symbolism, art, mathematics, etc. Zerzan's case deserves to be critiqued in many ways - that go beyond the scope of this reply - and religion (as part of civilizations) and shamanhood (universal in all hunter-gatherer societies) are not same, but OP could be using 'religion' in the widest sense, so this might deserve mention.
On particulars, Plato's Akademeia (-> Academy) was a religious cult in Athens, and Museion (-> Museums etc.) of Alexandria which included the famous library etc. was a religious cult dedicated to Muses. Origins of Western science are Greek religious cults, and it was Medieval monasteries that preserved most of the ancient literature we today have available.