Moments of Spirituality Can Induce Liberal Attitudes

[Jim__]

1. It would be interesting to see the details of the 3rd study.

In the third study, the researchers recruited 317 participants from the U.S. and asked half to complete a spiritual exercise consisting of a guided meditation video. Those who watched the video were asked to close their eyes and breathe deeply, imagining themselves in a natural setting and feeling connected to the environment. They were then asked about their political orientation and to rate how spiritual they felt. The researchers reported that, compared to those in the control group, participants who meditated felt significantly higher levels of spirituality and expressed more liberal political attitudes, including a reduced support for "tough on crime" policies and a preference for liberal political candidates.

It doesn't say anything about the attitudes of the group that watched the video before watching the video. What is the probability that this group was significantly more liberal than the control group from the beginning?