2016 Postmortem
In reply to the discussion: Political parties: They exist for a reason. [View all]muriel_volestrangler
(106,495 posts)or not from established parties, eg Mary Robinson in Ireland, or Angus King in Maine, or Jesse Ventura in Minnesota. But legislatures that are made up mainly of unaffiliated representatives are basically unheard of at high levels (you might get a town council, perhaps).
But your topic was 'why do we have parties', and the answer to that is about forming working majorities in legislatures. Parties formed before modern democracy, really - factions that have a common set of aims. The Tories and Whigs formed in late 17th century England to get control of parliament and positions appointed by the monarch, when the 'electors' for the Commons were just a few of the local landowners who were probably friends of the representative, and the Lords didn't have to go through an election at all - but many still joined one of the parties.