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40. It's very clearly about Communism in particular.

Orwell didn't even try to be subtle about basing several characters on actual historical figures.

Mr Jones = Nicholas II

Old Major = Karl Marx

Napoleon = Stalin

Snowball = Trotsky. Snowball even escapes and is subsequently blamed for every failure of the farm thereafter, just like Stain blamed Trotsky anytime something went wrong in Russia. Even after he'd arranged to murder Trotsky, Stalin still blamed Trotsky via his supposed followers in the country for his own failures.

Squealer = Vyacheslav Molotov and the Pravda propaganda machine he created. The Sheep are part of this machine, representing journalists who repeat what they're told to say, willy-nilly, rather than being a skeptical voice for the people.

Mr Frederick = Hitler

Other characters represent groups/abstractions:

Boxer = poster child for the ideal Bolshevik worker.

Benjamin = pretentious intellectuals who neither support nor oppose Stalin, or are wishy-washy about standing up for what's right.

Mollie = Bourgeoisie, fat, dumb and happy but ultimately not very free under standard capitalism.

Muriel = the semi-educated working class. They are too busy to be serious intellectuals, and thus can be slow to pick up on things going on around them.

Clover = working class women with poor educations. Or none.

Mr Pilkington = Western capitalism, particularly that of Britain and the US.

Moses = Religion and how it was exploited to control the masses. Before you start in on how the USSR was an atheistic state--it wasn't. Not really. In fact, Stalin reopened or even rebuilt most of the churches early Bolsheviks had closed, in the late 30s and early 40s, because he knew religion could create mindless followers. Get the churches to tell their congregations to go to war, and they would. Happily. It worked.