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[bananas]

42. The rocket creates its own atmosphere to push against.

If I understand your question, you're asking how a rocket can work without anything to push against.
Rockets use either solid or liquid fuel.
The fuel is burned, forming an extremely hot gas.
This gas rapidly expands and pushes against the rocket nozzle.
In effect, this gas is the "atmosphere" the rocket is pushing against.

Here are photos of Apollo 8's trans-lunar injection, you can see the exhaust gasses expanding behind the rocket, pushing the rocket towards the moon:

The first post-launch sightings are represented by a spectacular series of predawn photographs, shown at right, from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) station on Maui (courtesy Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory). The first one shows the TLI burn near 15:44 UT on December 21. As the spacecraft passed Hawaii, the changing perspective put the camera view looking up the sunlit exhaust plume. For various missions, TLI took place between 2 hours 50 minutes and 3 hours 12 minutes after launch (1.5-2.1 revolutions). John Stonesifer, NASA Recovery Team Leader, deployed to the South Pacific aboard the carrier USS Yorktown, both for planned recovery and in case of early mission abort. He reports that the crew had an excellent view of TLI from the carrier deck (and that a similar sight was visible from the Hornet for Apollo 11). He notes somewhat ruefully that "My biggest disappointment was that with all the NASA photographers aboard as part of our team we did not get any photographs of the sightings".