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NNadir

NNadir's Journal
NNadir's Journal
August 26, 2021

Eight Miles High



August 23, 2021

The Effect of Mixing Alcohol and Caffeine in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide.

I don't generally drink hard liquor, and limit myself to wine and beer, and then in moderation, but I do have a caffeine "problem." However, recently, because everybody said I should, I watched "The Big Lebowski," and although I didn't actually get it until I rewatched "The Big Sleep," at the advice of a correspondent I watched while consuming a "White Russian," a concoction of heavy cream, vodka and Kahlua, a coffee liqueur.

I don't actually have a sense of humor, but if I did, with this in mind, mixtures of caffeine and ethanol that might have been carbonated (but wasn't), I might find this paper, across which I stumbled funny in a way: The Polar Cosolvent Effect on Caffeine Solvation in Supercritical CO2–Ethanol Mixtures: A Molecular Modeling Approach (Ioannis Skarmoutsos, Ioannis D. Petsalakis, and Jannis Samios Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2021 60 (31), 11834-11847.)

It begins with a little lecture on the possible health consequences dangerous drug (in this case not alcohol) to which I'm addicted, although the text notes I'm not alone:

Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine) is the most consumed alkaloid worldwide and can be found in significant concentrations in natural products such as coffee and cocoa beans, tea and yerba mate leaves, and kola nuts.(1) Because of its therapeutic properties, caffeine is also a basic ingredient in the formulation of a variety of medicinal products.(2) When consumed in moderate amounts, it can stimulate the central nervous system, exhibiting in this way an analgesic activity, reducing fatigue and increasing attention.(3) However, large doses of caffeine can adversely affect cognitive responses and may also cause insomnia, heart palpitations, stomach irritation, and hypertension.(4?6) Consequently, the extraction of caffeine from raw natural products is necessary to use it in medicines, energy drinks, and other beverages but also to control its concentration.(7) The extraction can be achieved using organic solvents,(8) such as dichloromethane and hexane. However, these solvents are considered harmful to human health and the environment. On the other hand, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) is an inexpensive, nonflammable, and nontoxic solvent. For these reasons, it is considered to be an attractive alternative to these conventional organic solvents.(9?11) Supercritical-fluid (SCF) extraction, a well-established separation technology, has received wide attention in recent decades and has been successfully employed in a variety of applications including food processing, extraction of active principles for pharmaceutical formulations, wastewater treatment, enhanced oil recovery operations, and as an analytical chromatographic tool.(12?15)

The low solubility of polar substances in nonpolar SCFs, such as SC CO2, is an obstacle to the development of viable extraction operations using supercritical CO2. Although SC CO2 is quite efficient for the selective extraction of caffeine,(16) the solubility of caffeine in this solvent is lower than that in liquid organic solvents.(11,17?19) Due to this, the use of a large amount of CO2 during the extraction process is required, causing a substantial increase in operating costs...


The solution?

Just add alcohol...

If I had enough of a sense of humor to find this amusing - I don't - it would be funny in a dorky kind of way, which would not be a problem for me, because some people who have been supercritical of me have noted, with some element of truth, that I am a dork.

Cool paper though...

There's a lot of sophisticated molecular modeling in this paper which concludes as follows:

The effect of the addition of a small amount of ethanol cosolvent in supercritical CO2 on the solvation structure and dynamics of caffeine in the mixed supercritical CO2–EtOH solvent has been investigated using a systematic multiscale molecular modeling approach, employing DFT quantum chemical calculations and classical MD simulations. The results obtained have clearly revealed the existence of preferential interactions between the caffeine and ethanol molecules in the system. A deeper investigation of the local solvation structure around caffeine has revealed the existence of HB interactions between caffeine and ethanol molecules, whereas the average number of EtOH–EtOH hydrogen bonds per ethanol molecules inside the solvation shell of caffeine is maintained in comparison with the bulk supercritical mixture. The latter finding has been further investigated, revealing that the ethanol molecules inside the solvation shell of caffeine continue forming hydrogen bonds with other ethanol molecules, even when they also form hydrogen bonds with caffeine. These findings further support a previously proposed hypothesis that the main reason for the enhanced solubility of caffeine in SC CO2–EtOH mixtures is the strong interaction between the polar caffeine molecule and the ethanol aggregates formed in the binary SC CO2–EtOH mixture.


This means that if you ever find yourself watching "The Big Lebowski" while consuming a White Russian and still plan on sleeping that evening, stick the thing in a can of pressurized carbon dioxide and heat it gently.

Another alternative would be not to watch "The Big Lebowski," and/or not have a White Russian while doing so.

On the serious side, any technology that minimizes the use of dichloromethane and hexane, which simultaneously sequestering carbon dioxide for use is a good thing.

I absolutely love learning about supercritical carbon dioxide in particular, and supercritical fluids in general.

As for "The Big Lebowski" it was mildly amusing and might have been funny even, at least if I had a sense of humor, regrettably though, I don't.

August 22, 2021

My Wife Has Correctly Been Pointing Out How Stupid I Am.

My wife has been going to estate sales trying to find furniture for the cat to claw to pieces, since the cat has completely destroyed the current furniture. (It seems to take the cat about 2 years to complete total destruction.)

My wife enjoys going to estate sales and garage sales in general, and sometimes picks up useful things.

I'm not all that much into that kind of stuff, but as there is a hurricane in the area, I went with her today to an estate sale, more or less on the spur of the moment, in the interest of keeping her safe in this weather. She wanted to go because she wondered if a couch and love seat might still be there, something she told me was a long shot, since most of that stuff on a weekend is gone almost immediately on the opening.

This was true in the estate sale to which we went, but we perused the place anyway. The guy who passed on had a very nice library, and one of the first things I always do when invited into a stranger's home is to check out the books on their shelves to tell me about who the person is. (If they don't have any books at all, it also tells me who the person is.) This guy was dead, of course, but I found it interesting to think about who he was. He apparently had a strong interest in late 20th century history politics, and had several books on major political figures from that era who have more or less lapsed into some obscurity; the titles suggested the dead guy was a moderate Democrat of the era.

Among his collection of books were books from an earlier era, a biography of Grant, McFeeley's which I already had, and a book that I've sometimes thought I should read some day, Edmund Morris's Theodore Rex, a biography of Theodore Roosevelt. My wife came into the guy's library, and I remarked on that I'd always wanted to read that book and she noted my birthday was coming up, and suggested that I ask the person running the estate sale if the books were for sale. The answer was "yes" and the price was announced as $2/book.

My wife, who is on a quest for me to throw books away, since they represent a rather massive amount of clutter in our home with our shelves stuffed to capacity, generously said, space considerations aside, that I should buy the book at $2. While we were chatting, I remarked that the dead guy may have been a historian, and then we came across a 5 volume set (6 volumes in 5 bindings) of James Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson, and I remarked that this work was a classic in biography, important in the intellectual history of the Western World. At that point, we pulled an adjacent volume off the shelf, which proved to be a copy of the dead guy's 1959 Princeton University thesis on the subject of Boswell's biography. So my wife says of the five volumes, "Do you want these too?" and after some desultory hemming and hawing I confessed I would like to own that set.

So we go out to the sale manager, give her twelve dollars for the six books - we didn't take the thesis although perhaps we should have done so - and I start giving the sale manager a lecture on the fact that the dead guy must have been quite an intellectual since he wrote his thesis on them, and that the set seemed to date from the 1950's.

The agent then remarks, "Maybe these are first editions! Maybe they're worth thousands of dollars!" and pulls out her cell phone and starts searching around the internet for the title. (A first edition would date from the 18th century; which I mumbled to the agent.)

I then mutter, "Well, I'm not paying thousands of dollars for these books."

Now it happens that there are remaindered editions, for modern college classes, of this book that sell on Amazon for 10 dollars, sometimes even less, and happily, the agent came across these, while muttering about a case where a rare book in an estate sold for huge amounts of money, and I'm rolling my eyes, and finally, since she couldn't find reference to these editions, she gave up, kept the $12 dollars and we ska doodled out of the house with our six books.

I remarked that I was pretty stupid in that sale, and almost lost it, and my wife enthusiastically agreed, pointing out several times that I need to keep my mouth shut, repeating the point several times on the ride home, which was longer than usual because of flooded roads.

Then my wife and I started talking about the fact that the books may, in fact, be worth far more that we paid for them, and my wife began speculating that perhaps when I retire - something I have successfully avoided doing - I should become a rare book dealer. (This may be a ploy to make me get rid of my books.)

So when we got home, I went on the internet, using more information from inside the book jacket.

It appears these editions are worth somewhere between $400-$700. They are not for sale however. I'm keeping them. I called up to my son and said, "Hey, your mother bought me $500 worth of books for my birthday. How do you plan to match that?"

I'm a fool. I almost blew it. Sometimes it's better to say nothing at all.

August 21, 2021

Sounds like a description of the most recent Presidential debate.

I kind of enjoyed this psychologist's comments, without mentioning Mr. Trump and President Biden, but, I think, applicable there and beyond.

August 21, 2021

I'm losing 3-2.

My son killed three spotted lantern flies in the last week and I've only killed two.

He's declared that the winner has to buy the loser a bottle of scotch. Fat chance, kid. You can't kill spotted lantern flies when you're drunk.

The spotted lantern fly is an invasive species that kills trees. It's native to Vietnam and China, but has found its way into Eastern Pennsylvania and Western New Jersey. They are a serious threat to forests and to agriculture.

They are beautiful looking insects, with a propensity to jump in their nymph form, although you can exhaust them by making them jump several times as you chase them down.

Spotted Lanternfly



Figure 1: Adult spotted lanternfly



Figure 2: Young juvenile spotted lanternfly.



Figure 4: Older juvenile spotted lanternfly.



Figure 6: Spotted lanterfly egg mass.

August 21, 2021

NIST reserves the right to charge for this database in the future.

Your government does great things for science, but they reserve the right to charge you in the future:

NIST Chemistry Webbook

Finally, as an old man, I am appreciating NIST.

August 21, 2021

Charlie Haden on Bass.

Only Charlie Haden could do this.

The best communist bass player from Iowa in the world.

Seriously, a giant. My favorite part of his career, if one has to choose a favorite, was his years with Keith Jarrett, Dewey Redman, and Paul Motion.

Something a little outside mainstream jazz, as only Charlie Haden could do it:

?list=RDMM
August 18, 2021

Beneath an Evening Sky

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